Undergraduate Course Catalog

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Course	Code	Faculty	Detail
Anthropology as Cultural Critique	ANTH 214	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an introduction to anthropology, a discipline that has historically produced knowledge of "other" cultures on the basis of fieldwork. In recent decades, a critical anthropology has come to question both the concept of culture and the task of cultural representation. At the same time, the geographical, theoretical, methodological, and thematic scope of anthropological research has expanded. In this course, various anthropological theories and methods will be discussed in light of these recent debates with readings on different parts of the world, including Türkiye. For their final project, the students will have the option of writing a paper based on anthropological research.
Local Cultures, Global Forces	ANTH 255	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	In the new millennium, we are faced with an increasingly globalized economy and culture. This course will seek to lay out the global forces that create this new world order/ disorder and address their unequal impact on particular localities. Institutions that shape the global economy (e.g. IMF and the World Bank), international non-governmental organizations that seek to raise global awareness (e.g. Greenpeace), as well as local organizations that problematize the effects of globalization will be discussed together with the theoretical underpinning of the changing sense of place and time created in these processes. Students will be asked to do research on local, national, and global responses to the different ecological, economic, social, and political aspects of globalization.
Anthropology of Migration and the City	ANTH 321	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Migration stands out as one of the most characteristic and complex features of the 21st century as more people than ever, coming from increasingly more disparate places, are migrating to new destinations for a greater variety of reasons and under distinct circumstances. A shared aspect though is that most of these migrations are urban in nature, being concentrated in cities attracting human, financial and other flows from across the globe. This course explores how anthropological research is engaging with these new trends in global migration and urbanism, by focusing on different theoretical and ethnographic discussions around some of the key concepts emerging in the literature, including: global cities, super-diversity, urban encounters, contact zones, everyday multiculture, everyday cosmopolitanisms and conviviality
Anthropology of the Body	ANTH 326	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The biological body has an undeniable physicality, yet at the same time, our experiences of our bodies and the ways in which we make sense of those experiences are inevitably embedded in and defined by the social. Taking an anthropological perspective and paying attention to both discursive and phenomenological approaches, this introductory course will investigate the ways in which the body has been observed, classified, experienced and modified in different cultural contexts and disciplinary regimes.
Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality	ANTH 340	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Throughout the 20th Century, anthropologists have studied the diverse constructions of gender and sexuality in human societies around the world. Researching the ways in which understandings of gender and sexuality are constitutive of people’s self understandings, religious beliefs and practices, constructions of kinship and family, the state, economic life, cultural practices, as well as political discourses and practices has been central to contemporary anthropology. This course covers anthropological studies and debates on gender and sexuality through a diverse selection of readings, visuals and ethnographic films.
Ethnography: Fieldwork and Writing in Antropology	ANTH 468	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Ethnography has been the main method of research and writing in anthropology. This course provides an in-depth reading of classical and contemporary ethnographies addressing a wide range of theoretical and political questions regarding the ethnographic experience and text.
Civic Involvement Projects I	CIP 101	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	These are team projects that require volunteer work of the individuals with a civic organization. Students choose themselves a particular issue and a related project that they would like to work for. Passing the course depends on the dynamics of the projects and the evaluation of the supervisor students of the projects together with the approval of the Project Coordinator.
Conflict Analysis and Resolution	CONF 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to the field of conflict analysis and resolution. It introduces students concepts, and theories on why and how conflicts at various levels emerge, how they escalate, the consequences of conflicts, how they can be prevented, and possible constructive ways to address them. Throughout the course students will have an opportunity to discuss past and contemporary examples of inter-personal, inter- group, intra- and inter-state conflicts.
International Conflict and Peace	CONF 400	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an overview of the related fields of peace studies and conflict resolution by exploring different definitions, perspectives, actors, and tools available to practitioners and scholars. It is a survey of the theoretical and empirical literature on the causes and conditions of international conflict and peace. It examines the history and development of contending approaches to conflict and peace, their basic assumptions and methodologies, and their application to current conflict situations, with particular emphasis upon the following: peace through coercive power; peace through nonviolence; peace through world order; and peace through personal and community transformation.
Conflict Resolution Practice	CONF 431	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides both a framework and experience for integrating theory and practice in conflict resolution. Reviews types of practice and theories of intervention and change, discusses the analytic process of conflicts before interventions and assessing the impacts of interventions and the conflict. Students will experience third party options for intervention, in a variety of types of international conflicts including way to build trust among parties for obtaining and implementing agreements.
Project and Internship	CULT 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
Youth Culture	CULT 322	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will focus on youth culture viewed within the wider frame of age and generation. It will ask, how have youth and youth culture been defined and theorized historically? What challenges does the study of youth culture pose in a transnational world? The course will also investigate how youth culture (and generational identity) have been studied in Türkiye. It It will include a unit in which students undertake a research project of their own on youth culture and/or generational identity in Istanbul.
Postcolonial Theory and Its Discontents	CULT 327	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Postcolonial theory is the body of scholarship that tackles the heritage and current impact of multiple waves and types of colonialism. In this course students will be introduced to the presumptions of this scholarship, its central questions and shortcomings. We will also explore the relationship of post-colonialism to feminist and post-structuralist theory. The course is designed to facilitate students' engagement with these different empirical and theoretical approaches in the light of their experiences and ideas.
Urban Spaces and Cultures	CULT 355	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	How do we begin to understand the differences, commonalities, and interconnections between 'World Cities' - such as Cairo, New York, Istanbul or Singapore? This course will provide a critical guide to the diverse ideas, concepts and frameworks used to study such cities. It will explore how city spaces and cultures are constituted, divided and contested, by focusing such topics as: colonial landscapes of power and exclusion, modernist projects of urban renewal and dislocation, 'post-modern' spaces of spectacle and consumption, ghettoes of affluence and poverty, ethnic divisions of labor and informal economies behind the facades of the global capital.
Oral History	CULT 361	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will introduce students to the study of oral history. Oral histories are spoken memories about the past recorded by oral historians in a dialgue with individuals providing testimony. The study of oral history allows us to examine events and experiences not recorded by history (based on the study of written documents), as well as to analyze and interpret the meaning of events and experiences to individuals in the present. In this course, students will learn the techniques of doing oral history, read selected case studies, and conduct an oral history project of their own.
Topics in Memory Studies	CULT 364	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course addresses issues in the growing field of memory studies. The specific focus of the course will be announced each semester that it is offered. Topics and approaches may be drawn from anthropology, cultural studies, gender studies, history, literature, memory studies, psychology, sociology, and visual studies.
Globalization and Health Inequalities	CULT 368	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces recent theoretical perspectives and ethnographic work which explore how the political and medical authorities as well as the lay people, discuss the effects of globalization and global encounters on health inequalities, and how the global and local health policies address these inequalities. It covers such topics as the role of global health institutions in addressing the health inequalities, tensions between states’ priorities and global impositions in defining and applying health policies, competition between biomedicine and alternative medical systems, local interpretations of global medical technologies and local conceptualizations of global epidemics. The course also includes nuanced approaches to the global and local ethical issues around the body, gender, life, illness, birth, death and pharmaceutical industry
Everyday Life	CULT 370	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	What is everyday life? Is it a routine that we take for granted and have a difficult time to take an analytical distance from, or is it critical in informing our identity a subjectivity? How does what we do in our everyday life shape who we are and where we belong? How do different conceptions of time and space, and philosophical debates on public/private and nature/nurture play a role in these processes? This course is designed to broaden and deepen the students’ understanding of everyday life, based on relevant social sciences and humanities literature across different time periods and cultural contexts, starting from the capitalist societies in 19th century Europe. It will also cover how the major developments in the first two decades of the 2000s, such as digitalization, virtual reality, new social movements and the COVID-19 pandemic have changed our everyday life and our conceptualizations of it.
Turkish Culture: Critical Perspectives	CULT 391	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	What is "Turkish Culture"? Who defines it? Who and what does it include, and not include? What is the relationship between culture (or cultures) and national identity? Asking these questions and others, this course will look at various anthropological, historical, political and literary texts in an effort to critically analyze changes and continuities in the meaning and scope of "Turkish Culture" since the late Ottoman period.
Independent Study	CULT 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list and forms of evaluation. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Honors Project	CULT 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	In their fourth year of study, each Cultural Studies major will propose and complete a one-semester project related to her or his field of concentration. The form of this project will vary depending on the student's interests and concentration, ranging from textual, ethnographic or visual approaches and methodologies. All stages of the project must be approved by the student's project advisor.
Modernism/Postmodernism	CULT 432	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Modernism and postmodernism have been two of the dominant trends of the 20th century in fields ranging from literature to visual culture and beyond. This course will explore some of the debates around modernism and postmodernism through theoretical texts as well as through works which have influenced or have been influenced by the course of these ideas.
Advanced Cultural Theory	CULT 434	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines different conceptions of culture, the debates about cultural studies as a discipline, and the contemporary modes of cultural analysis through in-depth readings of the writings of several major thinkers of the twentieth century. It provides an introduction to such approaches as Marxism, structuralism, post-structuralism, feminism, and psychoanalysis as well as an opportunity for critical engagement with the thoughts of such influential cultural theorists as W. Benjamin, T. Adorno, J. Derrida, M. Foucault, L. Irigaray, J. Butler, and S. Zizek.
Representations of Violence	CULT 435	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Much attention has been devoted in recent years to understanding violence. As creative works have sought to document violence and understand its causes, accurate description and representation have often been deemed necessary to the process of healing and the prevention of future violence. This emphasis on describing and representing violence can, however, end up recreating in text or image another form of violence. Analyzing and critiquing hate speech or violent pornography, for example, may also mean repeating it. Making someone understand the experiences of war and other atrocities requires a certain art in representing the violence; the more explicit the image or text, the more one is made to feel the impact of the violence. At what point do such representations end up perpetrating violence as they aestheticize it? And more importantly perhaps, can these works also suggest solutions to violence? This course will explore answers to these questions through theoretical works, as well as through textual and visual representations of violence. This is a research seminar and requires the active participation of students in presentations and class discussions. Graduate students are also expected to carry out original research towards the final paper. For the possibility of taking this course at the graduate level see CULT 535.
Nation, History and Culture in Museums	CULT 451	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course investigates the relation of the museum to modernity and its role in negotiating history, culture and nation. It highlights the role of certain selected objects in remembering history and interpreting culture. In light of the readings and museum visits, students will discuss how the museum represents the notions of heritage, and how it contributes to the reconstruction of collective memory.
Spaces of Migration	CULT 453	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores how migratory movements and attempts at their regulation produce space as well as scale, and reviews the theoretical constructs (such as transnationalism and translocalism) that account for the emergent spatialities of migrant connections. Topics to be covered include how migrants make place and negotiate home in their everyday lives, how experiences of localization vary among cities, how life in camps may deffer from or resemble life in the city, how states undertake spatial strategies to deter migrant flows (including excision of territories, pushbacks of border- crossers and creation of 'hotspots'), how migration routes come into being (including through smuggling networks), are governed and closed off to be re-channeled elsewhere, and what moral geographies correspond to processes of migration by assigning social legitimacy to particular mobilities.
Postsocialism	CULT 462	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will examine how experiences of communism in different contexts in Eastern Europe were lived, how they are remembered, and how they bear on present processes of "transition" and European integration. Topics include: collectivisation and privatisation; nationalism, internationalism and minorities; women and work; models of development.
Advanced Topics in Cultural Studies I	CULT 491	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course addresses current issues in the field of Cultural Studies at a level appropriate for graduate students and advanced undergraduates. The specific focus of the course will be announced each semester that it is offered. Topics and approaches may be drawn from anthropology, history, literature, sociology or visual studies.
Advanced Topics in Cultural Studies II	CULT 492	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course addresses current issues in the field of Cultural Studies at a level appropriate for graduate students and advanced undergraduates. The specific focus of the course will be announced each semester that it is offered. Topics and approaches may be drawn from anthropology, history, literature, sociology or visual studies.
Thematic Approaches to Contemporary Turkish Culture	CULT 493	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Based on readings of urban space as well as analyses of visual and written texts, this course will trace and map current cultural dynamics and ambivalences of contemporary Türkiye Each semester the course will be structured around a different theme, emphasizing the ways in which politics and culture are articulated in present-day Türkiye.
Games and Strategies	ECON 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Examples and formulation of games, solution concepts: games with sequential moves, backward induction, games with simultaneous moves in normal form, Nash equilibrium, mixed strategies, subgame perfect equilibrium; prisoners' dilemma games, games with strategic moves, games with asymmetric games, games with strategic moves, games with asymmetric information, collective-action games, evolutionary games, voting, bargaining, bidding concepts of game theory. Applications to law, government, politics, diplomacy, business, management and economic behaviour. information, collective-action games, evolutionary games, voting, bargaining, bidding.
Macroeconomics	ECON 202	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Basic concepts of accounting and determination of national income. Classical theory of output and employment, determination of national savings, investment and consumption. Theories of economic growth. The balance of payments, exchange rate systems, trade and financial flows; monetary and fiscal policy; labour market adjustment at the macroeconomic level; inflation and anti-inflationary policies.
Microeconomics	ECON 204	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Consumer theory and demand; production, costs and supply; analysis of market structure; welfare, market failures, imperfect information and the role of the government in a market economy.
Project and Internship	ECON 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
Econometrics	ECON 301	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Simple linear regression, least squares, generalized least squares; goodness of fit; prediction; inference, confidence intervals and hypothesis testing; empirical modeling of economic theory; introduction to econometric packages.
Game Theory	ECON 310	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Noncooperative games in extensive and normal forms solution concepts and refinements, rationalizibility; games with perfect information, behavioural strategies; incomplete information, Bayesian-Nash equilibrium, sequential rationality; cooperative games, games in coalitional form, convex games, balanced games : core, Shapley value, nucleolus; bargaining; coalition structure games; applications.
Behavioral Economics	ECON 312	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course is based on a set of questions or puzzles related to economics, and then discusses their importance. The course also involves some instructive quick experiments to illustrate how individuals' behavior deviates from the standard model. These experiments make students effortlessly identify the systematic deviations from the standard theory and understand the limitations of the existing models. Behavioral models that use insights from psychology are introduced to explain the puzzle and applied to illustrate new insights and predictions with a debate about the weaknesses of behavioral models.
Public Economics	ECON 320	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Fundamental theorems of welfare economics; theories of government; public goods; externalities; public choice; income redistribution; taxation, income distribution and efficiency; public production, incentives and the bureaucracy; privatization.
Education Economics and Policy	ECON 321	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The role and value of education in the economy; human capital accumulation and economic growth; private and public financing of education; private and social returns to education; schooling quality and educational production; access to education; signaling; non-pecuniary benefits of education; income distribution, equality and social cohesion; performance management and indicators in the education sector, public intervention tools (vouchers, conditional cash transfers, loans).
Health Economics and Policy	ECON 322	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Introduction to the efficiency and ethical issues involved in distribution of health care. Cost-benefit and cost effectiveness analyses to evaluate public and private sector health policies. Exploring the link between health and nutrition. Health insurance policies, quality assurance and the role of the government and professional organizations in provision of health services.
Energy and Environmental Economics	ECON 323	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course equips students with skills and methodologies to analyze energy markets and issues related to the environment. It addresses topics such as energy markets, pricing and competition in energy markets, regulation in energy markets, energy markets in developing countries, environmental policies, market failure, public policy and environment, the efficient and optimal use of natural resources, and climate change.
Industrial Organization	ECON 330	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Perfect competition; monopoly; price discrimination; oligopoly; markets for homogeneous and differentiated products; strategic behaviour and entry barriers; advertising; quality; vertical relations; network effects; competition law and policy.
International Economics	ECON 340	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	International trade: comparative advantage and gains from trade; technology and trade; specific factors and income distribution; factor endowments and trade; free trade, protection and national welfare; market imperfections and trade policy. International finance: the balance of payments; exchange rate and foreign exchange market; money, interest and exchange rates; capital mobility and fiscal and monetary policy.
International Finance	ECON 345	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Basic concepts, tools and facts needed for the macroeconomic analysis of open economies: national income accounting and the balance of payments; the relationship between interest rates and exchange rates; the behavior of prices, interest rates, nominal and real exchange rates and output under fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes and different international capital flow systems; financial crises and international macroeconomic interdependence.
Financial Institutions and Markets	ECON 350	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Money and interest rates; portfolio choice, behavior of interest rates and risk; foreign exchange market; financial institutions, banking industry; central bank and monetary policy; money supply process; determinants of money supply and tools of monetary policy; international financial system; monetary policy in open economies; demand for money; money and inflation.
Advanced Macroeconomics	ECON 360	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Economic growth, business cycles: real business cycles, Keynesian theories of business cycles, nominal rigidities; consumption: life-cycle and permanent income hypotheses, interest rates and savings; investment: cost of capital, the effects of uncertainty; government debt; unemployment; inflation and monetary policy.
Advanced Microeconomics	ECON 370	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Individual and social choice, uncertainty; core and competitive equilibrium; fundamental theorems of economics; partial equilibrium, cost-benefit analysis; topics in economics of information, dynamic competition, auction theory; topics in cooperative microeconomics network economics; topics in mechanism design
Independent Study	ECON 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list and forms of evaluation. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
History of Economic Thought	ECON 400	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Introduction and early beginnings: ancient and medieval economic thought; mercantilism and the dawn of capitalism; the classical period, Adam Smith, David Ricardo; reactions and alternatives to classical theory, Karl Marx and scientific socialism; neo-classical school Keynesian and post-Keynesian theories; monetarist theories.
Applied Econometrics	ECON 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The purpose of this course is to provide students with state of the art econometric methods for empirical analysis of micro data (individuals, households, firms etc.). Issues related to specification, estimation and identification of different models with cross-section and panel data will be studied. The course has an emphasis both on the econometric techniques and their applications to different topics. Students are expected to read assigned papers and undertake numerous practical assignments using a modern econometric software package.
Law and Economics	ECON 405	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The legal system can be viewed as a set of rules governing social and economic interactions and conduct in a society. This course analyzes whether and how the legal system promotes social welfare and efficiency of economic activity, and offers the student an alternative, economic perspective on law. It applies microeconomic theory to the analysis of several subfields of law, such as property law, contracts, tort law and legal processes. It introduces the student to the economics of law enforcement and to the trade offs the society faces in controlling crime and punishing offenders.
The Political Economy of European Integration	ECON 407	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims at providing the students with a basic understanding of the interaction between politics and the economy in the integration of European. The course will first underline the historical and socio-economic context of European integration in the aftermath of World War II. Second, the course will focus on the dynamics of markets and government policies as they shape one another in the newly emerging institutional framework of EC and EU. Third, the course will analyse the challenges for the European economies and polities in present day global economy and increasingly volatile international relations with their newly developing alliances and institutions
Applied Macroeconomics	ECON 414	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Macroeconomic policy in developed economies; problems and issues of developing economies; the international financial system; globalization and macroeconomic policy in emerging economies; European economic integration and enlargement of the EU; economic and legal institutions and business ethics; evaluation of economic performance.
Advanced Industrial Organization	ECON 415	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores modern approaches to Industrial Organization, with a focus on how firms operate within networks, industries, and geographic spaces. Students will be introduced to computational tools, structural models, and input-output analysis to study interconnected production systems. The course content reflects the evolving nature of the field and features a selection from a variety of subjects ranging from network-based methods to game-theoretic or spatial approaches while maintaining a core concern with firm behavior and market dynamics.
Growth and Development	ECON 420	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Basic features of modern economic growth; theories of economic growth: neoclassical growth model, endogenous growth models, convergence of income levels political economy of development and economic growth; growth and inequality; poverty and undernutrition; population growth and development; rural-urban interaction and growth; role of factor markets in economic development; international trade and growth.
Labor Economics	ECON 430	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Analysis of labor markets in relation to determination of wages, conditions of work, the distribution of employment; the market demand for labor and the supply of labor; discrimination wage, salary differentials, compensation schemes; job mobility and migration; power in trade unions; the collective bargaining system; government intervention in the labor market.
Discrete Choice Methods	ECON 435	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Discrete choice modeling is a framework for understanding how individuals (consumers, travelers, voters, etc.) make selections from a finite set of alternatives. Grounded in utility theory, these models help quantify and predict which option a decision-maker is most likely to choose based on attributes of both the alternatives and the decision-maker. By capturing the trade-offs individuals make—such as cost versus quality or convenience versus time—discrete choice models become foundational tools for analyzing and forecasting human behavior within contexts of competing options. This is a hands-on course designed to provide students with practical experience in discrete choice modeling. Students will gain familiarity with foundational tools for discrete choice analysis and learn to estimate discrete choice models using real data. The course emphasizes active learning through guided practice and real-world examples.
Advanced Microeconomic Theory I	ECON 481	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Consumer and demand theory, production and theory of the firm; competitive markets, partial and general equilibrium theory. This course is offered simultaneously as a graduate seminar, see ECON 501.
Advanced Microeconomic Theory II	ECON 482	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Choice under uncertainty; basic game theory; imperfect competition, strategic interaction, entry; adverse selection, signalling, screening, moral hazard; mechanism mechanism design; general equilibrium under uncertainty; axiomatic and coalitional bargaining, cooperative models. This course is offered simultaneously as a graduate seminar, see ECON 502.
Advanced Macroeconomic Theory I	ECON 483	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Traditional and endogenous growth theories real business cycles, overlapping generation models. This course is offered simultaneously as a graduate seminar, see ECON 503.
Advanced Macroeconomic Theory II	ECON 484	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Real and monetary issues in the open economy, unemployment, models of consumption, investment, money, monetary and fiscal policy. This course is offered simultaneously as a graduate seminar, see ECON 504
Matchings and Markets	ECON 488	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Game theoretic analysis of the matching of individuals with other individuals or items, typically across two sides, as in marriage, university placement, employment, housing. Competitive cooperative solutions: existence, optimality order structures, constructive procedures; strategic properties; auctions, mechanisms; institution and market design.
Seminar on the Turkish Economy	ECON 492	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Different development strategies such as import substitution and import promotion; current economic issues in Türkiye(from 1923 until present)
Spatial Data Science	ECON 494	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course's central goal is to introduce the student to the analysis and employment of spatial datasets in the social sciences realm. It begins with a thorough description of R's tools and methods to manipulate and visualize geographic data. After becoming acquainted with the construction of spatial variables, the student learns how economists exploit the latter to uncover the causal mechanisms determining the link between historical developments (e.g., the colonization of America) and today's regional development levels. The course also deepens into various statistical models that incorporate parameters governing a given phenomenon's spatial diffusion, thereby tackling questions such as: how intense is the dissemination of violence across space following the outbreak of civil conflict? Will one municipalities' improvements in educational levels spill to adjacent localities? A discussion on estimation techniques, hypothesis testing, and an introduction to Machine Learning methods for spatial data marks the course's end.
Machine Learning for Policy Evaluation	ECON 495	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to analyzing and employing machine learning algorithms to evaluate public policies. To that end, the student first becomes conversant with the core issues of causal statistics, such as the potential outcomes framework, drawing causal diagrams, and recognizing sufficient conditions for statistical identification. Simultaneously, the class touches on the building blocks of R, including data wrangling and functional programming. After acquiring basic knowledge of coding and causal statistics, the material gravitates around the building blocks of machine learning (ML) and their implementation in R. Subsequently, the student learns about the meaningful overlaps between causal statistics and ML by reviewing the notions of Causal Trees and Causal Forests. Finally, a significant portion of the course addresses a series of applications concerning evaluations of public initiatives, such as police reforms, environmental preservation, and educational programs.
Gender and Society	GEN 341	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	How have we developed our ideas of what it means to be a woman and what it means to be a man? How do these ideas change historically and from one society to another? Asking these questions and others, this course aims to develop a critical awareness of how gender and sexuality have shaped and have been shaped by political, religious, economic, scientific, and cultural practices and discourses in different parts of the world, including Türkiye.
Topics In Gender & Sexuality Studies	GEN 343	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course addresses historical and contemporary issues in gender and sexuality studies. The specific focus of the course will be announced each semester that it is offered. Topics and approaches may be drawn from anthropology, cultural studies, gender and sexuality studies, history, literature, performance studies, sociology, and visual studies.
Migrations and the Family	GEN 385	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course addresses how human mobility across borders and state policies of immigration control, shape, and change intimate relations and family formations. In other words, it asks how states make and unmake families through their migration policies It accordingly focuses on the institution of marriage and processes of reproduction (including having and caring for children), and questions who 'deserves' to have a ‘right to family’ by examining different country- specific cases of family reunification and family separation. Issues to be discussed include: governance of migrant reproduction, dynamics of mixed-immigration-status families, challenges faced by transnational families and their shifting care regimes, the place of different kinds of children (left- behind, unaccompanied and adoptee) in migration policy-making. In tackling all these issues, the course aims to provide an understanding of how migration and related state responses disrupt, reinforce or rearrange gendered norms of family-making.
Independent Study in Gender Studies	GEN 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of gender studies that is not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list and forms of evaluation. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Gender and Politics	GEN 410	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the relationship between gender, culture and politics. It offers a the oretical survey of the role of gender in shaping definitions of the political and practices of citizenship and participation. Through the discussion of concrete examples representing a diversity of cultural, social and political contexts,the course opens up to discussion gendered social and political mobilizations , identity politics, the interaction between the personal and the political, and different forms and spheres of doing politics ranging from the everyday to transnational, face-to face to digital encounters. The course also critically assesses the sociopolitical ramifications of institutional and national gender policies and cultural political perspectives regarding changing gender relations.
Gendered Memories of War and Political Violence	GEN 442	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	20th century has been ''a century of wars, global and local, hot and cold? (Catherine Lutz). The course explores the different ways in which war and political violence are remembered through a gender lens. Central questions include: what are the gendered effects of war, political violence, and militarization? How have wars, genocide and other forms of political violence been narrated and represented? How do women remember and narrate gendered violence in war? How are post-conflict processes and transitional justice gendered? What is the relationship between testimony, storytelling, and healing? How is the relationship between the ''personal'' and the ''public/national'' reconstructed in popular culture, film, literature, and (auto)biographical texts dealing with war, genocide, and other forms of political violence? How are wars memorialized and gendered through monuments, museums, and other memory sites? Besides others, case studies on Hungary, Türkiye, Germany, Rwanda, former Yugoslavia, and Argentina will be used to elaborate the key concepts and debates in the emerging literature on gender, memory, and war.
Gender and Sexuality in Türkiye	GEN 444	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will explore a wide variety of texts ranging from academic, literary and political writings to films and documentaries on gender and sexuality in Türkiye. Topics include the evolution of the feminist movement from the late nineteenth century till today, the experiences and narratives of masculinity, violence against women, virginity debates, the interconnections between gender and nationalism, religious and state discourses on the body, the politics of secularism and Islam, the writings and experiences of minorities, politics of sexuality and queer politics.
Men and Mesculinities	GEN 480	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to be study of men as gendered social beings and masculinities as learnt, reproduced or challenged performances. Topics include an interdisciplinary examination of social and personal meanings of masculinity; variety of male experience by social class, race, sexuality, and age; emerging as boys/men;and public discourses and representations about changing masculinities.
Classical Mythology in Art	HART 234	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is intended as an introduction to Greek and Roman mythology. The aim is to acquaint students to the major mythological characters and stories. Greek and Roman gods, goddesses, demigods, heroes and their stories have employed and interpreted in works of art, literature, and music throughout centuries. This course aims to offer a basic yet solid background to students who wish to have a better understanding of such reflections in various fields of cultural production. Without disregarding the religious and ritual aspects of mythology, this course focuses on the characters and the stories themselves rather than theory. Following the trail of Ovid, the course will explore how myths were used in the visual arts.
From Modern to Contemporary Art	HART 292	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a historical survey of art practices from the late 19th century to the contemporary era in the Western art world, with a focus on major trends, such as Impressionism, Cubism, Expressionism, Abstract Art, Pop, Minimalism, Conceptualism. Introducing the historical and cultural context that influenced the transformation of artistic expression, the course equips students with an understanding of the concept and visual expressionof the avant-garde within a diversity of mediums from painting and sculpture to performance, installation and participatory practices.
Contemporary Art	HART 293	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course is an overview of the main currents in contemporary art starting from the 60's to the late 90's, set against political, social and technological developments of the world. It's a comparatively study of 60's-70's American and European art movements, and explores the art in the 80's Post-Modern area. The course later converges on the 90's Global art practices and their effects to recent developments within the artistic and social realm.
Women Artists	HART 320	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to works by women artists that practice(d) in the field of visual arts, in the 19th and 20th centuries. It covers art historical areas from Realism, Symbolism, Impressionism to Expressionism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art & Feminist Art of the 1960's onwards. It focuses on women artists whose fame had/has already been established during their own life times. This course aims to provide students with an understanding of visual and cultural aspects of modern and postmodern art approached through the study of women's works. It also gives them an insight into the conditions of art practice for women before and at the start of the feminist art movement.
Bauhaus	HART 380	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	For one extraordinary moment between the two world wars creativity was set free from social bonds and bold experimentation in the arts echoed revolutionary changes in technology and society. At the vanguard was Bauhaus, the school and movement that merged art, architecture, and design into a style free from the bonds of history and national boundaries. Bauhaus was truly an international art for a new age. This course looks at the key moments in the history of Bauhaus against the cultural and intellectual backdrop of interwar Europe and treats them within the wider context of modernism. It covers a variety of related art, architecture and design movements starting briefly with an overview of the origins of modernism in the work of William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement and Art Nouveau and concluding with important movements such as Constructivism, Cubism, De Stijl, New Objectivity, Suprematism and Futurism.
Visual Arts in Türkiye	HART 413	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	“Visual Art in Türkiye” is an overall historical survey on Turkish visual arts from the late 19th century to the present. Framing issues of tradition, modernity, postmodernity, contemporaneity within a chronological trajectory, the course aims to introduce students to the changes in artistic production in relation to cultural changes in Turkish society in the 20th century. Historical and cultural shifts relating to artistic identity, artistic trends, and artworks are taken into focus to reflect the transformation of the artistic sphere and visual culture in modern Türkiye.
Leonardo and Michelangelo: Heroes of the Renaissance	HART 426	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course looks at the work of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarotti, the two protagonists of the High Renaissance whose fame has assumed mythical proportion over the centuries. The work of these artists will be analyzed against the cultural and intellectual background of sixteenth-century Italy. Issues discussed include the philosophical and scientific inquiries that defined the humanist discourse, new challenges of knowledge, and rise of the mercantile aristocracy. The focus of the course will be on the impact of these developments on the arts and the re-definition of the Renaissance visual code. Leonardo's analytical scrutiny and Michelangelo's sweeping vision are two opposites that epitomize the new visuality. The class will analyze major works of the period to understand the development of their respective styles and their impact on the artistic scene. The course will conclude with an examination of the myth of Leonardo and Michelangelo, its reception and relevance today.
Post-1945 American Art	HART 432	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Most of the modern issues under discussion and the cult of modernist, experimental art are an outcome of the American art produced in the post-1960 period. Initially, the course will introduce an overview of the New York School Painting, Minimalism and Pop Art at large. Subsequently, the post-1960 art movements such as Body Art, Performance Art, Electronic Art, Feminist Art, New Expressionism and Appropriation Art will be discussed with respect to the social and political background of the period.
Principles of Atatürk and the History of the Turkish Revolution I	HIST 191	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	HIST 191 provides a comprehensive academic perspective on the history of the late Ottoman Empire and the societies that lived there in the past and present. HIST 191 is designed as complementary to HIST 192 that follows-up the content and timeline introduced in HIST 191 course, in a thematic order, by reflecting on major milestones in the history of the Ottoman Empire from the early 19th century up to the end of World War I. Taking the history of the late Ottoman Empire at its center, HIST 191 offers an interdisciplinary approach by relying on other disciplines including human history, political science, economy, and sociology. Besides, the content of HIST 191 is strongly related to the content of TLL 101. The thematic structure and the chronological framework of these separate courses follow parallel trajectories. To that end, the course provides a chance to relate the historical content of HIST 191 to the literary works that are studied in TLL 101. Finally, this course aims to teach basics of academic literacy, source criticism and fact-checking as integrated skills whilst dealing with the content material.
Principles of Atatürk and the History of the Turkish Revolution II	HIST 192	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	HIST 192 provides an academic perspective on the geography that we call the Turkish Republic today and the historical relations established among the human societies that lived there in the past and present. HIST 192 is designed to be a follow-up of HIST 191 and thus complements the content and timeline previously introduced, in a thematic order, by reflecting on major milestones in the history of the Turkish Republic from World War I up to the year 2020. With a focus on the history of Modern Türkiye at its center, HIST 192 offers an interdisciplinary approach by relying on other disciplines, social sciences, and humanities, such as human history, political science, economy, and sociology. Apart from that, the content of HIST 192 is strongly related with the content of TLL 102. The thematic structure and the chronological framework of these separate courses compliment each other. To that end, the course provides a chance to relate the historical content of HIST 192 with the literary works that are studied in TLL 102. Finally, this course aims to teach basics of academic literacy, source criticism and fact-checking as integrated skills whilst dealing with the content material.
History of the Twentieth Century	HIST 205	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The first half of the 20th century witnessed catastrophic destruction through world wars and genocides; its third quarter, in contrast, became a period of unprecedented stability and affluence; this, however, gave way to yet another phase of collapse and epochal change that marked not only the end of the century but perhaps also the end of the entire Modern Era. This course proposes to look at all this social and political tumult, as well as the accompanying history of culture, ideas, art and science, through the works and overlapping yet diverging interpretations of some its major observers and commentators.
The Medieval Hero, East and West	HIST 233	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Designed as an introduction to reading and analyzing epic narratives, this course focuses on four such key types of works re-introduced in writing during the Middle Ages : the Shahnama, the Oghuznama, the Alexander Romance, and the Arthurian Legends. Introduced at the outset will be the main themes and narrative tools employed in the construction of epics; the common features which make a “hero”; and the relevant historical contexts. These will then be brought to bear on a close examination of the works in question, with the final case study of Alexander and the Romances serving to explore the common aspects of “Eastern” and “Western” epics and heroes. The course will conclude with a discussion of the afterlife of these epics.
Episodes in the History of Science II	HIST 316	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A sequel to HIST 315, which pursues the story of the further development of the sciences and their impact on society from the middle of the 19th century to the present, covering, together with the West, the history of science in both Ottoman and Republican Türkiye. As in HIST 315, an episodic treatment requiring extensive student participation throughout.
Islamic History: the Middle Period (c.945 - 1500)	HIST 332	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A continuing survey of Islamic history from around the middle of the 10th century, comprising: the deepening crisis of the Abbasid caliphate; mass conversions to Islam among non-Arab peoples (including the Karakhanids as well as the Volga Bulgars); the triumph of the Seljukid war-leadership over the Ghaznavids, and from 980 the overrunning of East Iran, then Mesopotamia, and eventually Asia Minor by this new Turkish warrior nobility. A first external shock in the form of the Crusades. With the breakup of the Greater Seljukids, the emergence of a series of independent Seljukid successor sultanates in Anatolia, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Kirman and Iran; the triple division of the caliphate itself (between the Abbasids in Baghdad, the Fatimids in Egypt, and the Umayyads in Spain). A second external shock of the Mongol conquest. Finally, the rise of the Mamluks in Egypt, the Ottomans in northwest Anatolia and Rumelia, and the Safavids in Iranian space.
The Gunpowder Empires of the Islamic World, ca. 1450-1800	HIST 335	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course focuses on the so-called gunpowder empires of the Islamic world of the early modern era, i.e. the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India and Safavid Iran. As part of a universal trend, it was this age when much of the current territorial, confessional, political, social and cultural boundaries dividing the Islamic world were set up. The course consists of three units. After an introduction, first it focuses on the political history of these polities, compares them with each other from various aspects, including religion, administration, the military, economy, trade, the role of and attitude to minorities, as well as various facets of culture. Lastly it revisits these issues by way of a critique of decline narratives related to the Islamic World. It discusses Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal history not only as comparative but also as connected phenomena.
Diplomatic History of the Modern Era II (1945-2004)	HIST 349	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Aims to provide an overview of international developments from the Potsdam Conference down to the current issues of globalization and the emergence of USA as the only world power. Topics dealt with include : the origins of the Cold War; NATO and the Warsaw Pact; regional wars (Korea, Vietnam) and other crises (Berlin, Cuba, the Middle East); ); the partial thaw of the 1970s; the SALT agreements; the Third World and the Non-Alignment movement; the Helsinki Summit of 1975. Escalating tensions from the late 1970s into the 1980s (renewed nuclear buildups, together with crises in Grenada, Nicaragua, Afghanistan, and Ethiopia- Somalia). The disintegration of the USSR and the end of the Cold War. A new era of diplomatic and military instability, marked by US unilateralism, the emergence of China as a new power, the EU as another global player, continuing problems in Russia, "failed states" in the Third World, and global terrorism.
History of a City II : Ottoman Istanbul, 1450-1900	HIST 371	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Beginning with a baseline survey of conditions prevailing shortly before the siege and eventual capture of Constantinople by Mehmed II in 1453, HIST 371, whether taken independently or as a sequel to HIST 370, is designed to take students from Ottoman Istanbul's initial re-building and repopulation, through its 16th century efflorescence as the capital of a new and resurgent empire, as well as through the manifold transformations of the 17th and 18th centuries, into the Tanzimat onset of modernity. Historical backgrounding lectures on these and other key phases or developments will be complemented with other, on site lectures in the course of study trips to leading Ottoman locations and monuments. For the possibility of proceeding from the ?taught course? components of HIST 371 to primary research at the advanced graduate level, see HIST 571.
Christians In The Ottoman Empire	HIST 439	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course offers to examine the history and condition of Christians -- a majority of whom were the Greek Orthodox people (Rum) -- in Anatolia and the Balkans under the Ottoman Empire. From some basic concepts of non- Muslim historiography (such as zımmi or millet), the course will move to the various ways in which historians have interpreted the Christian presence under Ottoman rule. Byzantium as a state was very closely associated with Orthodox Christianity and the Greek language. What did its demise mean for Orthodox Christians and their institutions ? How did Ottoman social, economic and administrative structures absorb and influence Christians; in turn, how did they participate in producing and re-producing the imperial framework ? Special attention will be paid to : communal life and institutions, the place of Christians in Ottoman administration and imperial networks, the Phanariots, the rise of the Greek bourgeoisie, the emergence of the Greek nation-state, Greek education, and the contribution of Christians to Ottoman urban space and architecture.
From Empire to Republic : Turkish Nationalism and the Nation-State	HIST 489	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A dense survey course on the making of Modern Türkiye with a special focus on the ideological dimension of nation-building. Moves from multiple backgrounds (in : the broad outlines of Ottoman history; the ''long'' 19th century; the New Imperialism; Eurocentrism and Orientalism; racism and Social Darwinism), through Ottoman-Turkish elites? evolving love-and-hate relationship with the West, to the fashioning and grounding of a specifically Turkish (as against an Ottoman or a Muslim) identity in the throes of the protracted crisis of 1908-22. Makes considerable use of literature, too, to explore the myths of originism and authocthonism, as well as the ''golden age'' narratives, connected with both early and Kemalist varieties of Turkish nationalism. Also see HIST 589 for the possibility of being taken at the graduate level.
Major Works of Literature	HUM 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores major works of literature in a thematic and chronological framework, and introduces various traditions, movements, and innovations. Each lecture focuses on one or two works that are considered to be paradigmatic of an epoch, but includes comparisons with related works and discussions on the historical, intellectual, and aesthetic background in which they originated. Readings from a variety of authors from the Ancient World through Modernism will be the focus of this class. Discussions focus on the aesthetic and intellectual experience of reading these works as a distinct form of artistic expression. The course aims to provide the necessary knowledge of the literature of different cultures and time periods, to introduce different types of literature such as poetry, prose fiction, and drama , to encourage students to analyze literary works for meaning beyond what is immediately visible, to develop critical thinking skills through reading, discussing and writing, to extend students’ reading experience and awareness on the universal human condition , and to figure out how major works come to express human values within historical and social context.
Major Works of Western Art	HUM 202	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course deals with groundbreaking achievements in art and architecture. It is designed to be more comprehensive than the typical "art appreciation" courses offered elsewhere. Each lecture focuses on one work that is paradigmatic of an epoch, but will include comparisons with related works and a treatment of the historical, intellectual, and aesthetic background of the major work. Through lectures and discussions, students are given the opportunity to consider the intricacies of human creativity and the complex factors that come into play in a work of art. The course aims to assist students in developing criteria for their appraisal of the arts, as well as to stimulate them to reconsider their systems of values and to pursue their interests in the arts and humanities. In addition to the existing pre-requisite " to have completed 23 credits" for this course , a new condition will be added as "to complete SPS 101 and SPS 102 courses at least with D grade" as of the Fall semester of 2015-2016 Academic Year. Students who failed from SPS 101 and SPS 102 courses, do not have right to take this course.
Major Works of Western Philosophy	HUM 207	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines some of the major texts in the main areas of philosophy from philosophers of the Western tradition such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant and Nietzsche.
Major Works of Literature: The World Before Modernity	HUM 311	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to explore one or more works of literature that have influenced their own times and continue to have an impact on our understanding of the world and its cultures. The course is designed to include critical reading and comparative analyses of selected works. The concepts of myth and archetypes in their various appearances are at the center of the discussions of this course. The emphasis is on imagination, feeling and expression in literature, with attention to cultural, social and political issues. Course work involves not only reading but also writing analytically and critically.
Major Works of Modern Art	HUM 312	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Major Works of Modern Art aims to introduce students to one of the crucial periods of Western art which is the birth, development and "triumph" of Modern Art from the 1860's to the 1960's. The primary purpose of this course however is not to stress the chronological development of modern art but rather to focus on and pursue specific art-related and cultural issues that pertain to those chosen works. Even though the masterpieces are presented chronologically, the lectures themselves are kept fairly independent and presented like a series of visits to an 'imaginary museum'. The chosen works are discussed along with comparative material to explore specific issues that are selected for each work and to illustrate earlier and later thematic developments.
Major Works of Moral Philosophy	HUM 317	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines the main moral theories and their applications to various aspects of human life. Moral theories to be discussed include virtue ethics, deontology and consequentialism, which will be investigated through the major works of philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Mill and Nietzsche.
Major Works of Literature: The Modern World	HUM 321	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course introduces students to a few major works of literature that have influenced their own times and continue to have an impact on our understanding of the modern world and its cultures. The works selected for the course have significantly shaped methodologies used by literary scholars to approach, evaluate and understand other works of literature. Although written in different geographies, depicting diverse situations, the following works are all variants of literary genres associated with the modern world. This course aims to afford students an opportunity to learn broader critical reading strategies and ways to approach texts.
Major Works of Art: The World Before Modernity	HUM 322	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines the arts of the pre-modern period from a cross-cultural perspective. One of the main objectives of the course is to thoroughly analyze the shared visual and artistic vocabularies of various works of art and/or art mediums across cultural geographies. Another objective is to help the students develop a critical understanding of the often-used concepts in art history – style, provenance, and appropriation. While the lectures are thematically organized, the selected artworks will be evaluated chronologically against the backdrop of historical and cultural contexts. The course covers art analysis, both stylistic and iconographical, as well as critical reading and writing.
Major Works of Literature: The Islamic World	HUM 371	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Through the close reading a number of fictional and non -fictional texts, this course will look at fundamental features and aspects of literature and literary culture through a number of genres in Pre-Modern Islamic literature, such as literary vs. real space and time, individual vs. communal aspects of literature, orality vs. written culture, fiction vs. history, didacticism and entertainment, narrative credibility, frame story, narrator and levels of fictionality, the “Other”, intertextuality, author-, work -, and audience-focused approaches to interpretation, translation, relationship between form and content, high vs. popular culture. Aside from trying to contextualize these fundamental works in their own place and time, we will consider them as part of world literature, paying attention to their reception in both the West and the East.
Genres and Styles of Western Music	HUM 413	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course encompasses the ''classical'' and ''popular'' domains of Western Music as a dominant cultural entity of the contemporary global world by categorizing it into ''genres'' and ''styles''. The material will be presented on diachronic lines but each strand will be developed separately in its own historical, social and artistic context along with the interaction between ''high art music'' and ''popular music''. Although some mention of the landmark events that had an impact on a given genre will be made to clarify the context, the main focus of the course is listening appreciation. The learning objective is therefore to familiarize the student with the characteristics and features of a given genre and/or style that is in use today. The students are expected to perceive music from a critical standpoint, evaluate artistic content and sort musical data input into the right channels.
Orientalism in Western Classical Music	HUM 414	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a Humanities course that will follow the trend currently termed Orientalism, from its first appearance in Western art in the 16th century to the early 20th century, focusing on music works and their relation and interaction to the other arts as well as the social sciences. Although it is not a theory-based music course, nevertheless, as a prerequisite, some key terms and general music knowledge are required. Besides lectures, the course will feature discussions on the given subjects, interactive work on visual and auditory materials, and excursions (concerts, museum exhibitions).
International Relations Theory	IR 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Surveys basic concepts and processes in international relations. The course presents competing theoretical perspectives; realism, liberalism, and radical approaches with a special emphasis on post-cold war debates. Partial theories such as foreign policy analysis, conflict analysis and resolution, and security studies are also examined.
Globalization and International Relations	IR 301	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course deals with the changing nature of international relations within the context of the process(es) of globalization. It examines a number of topics that have become crucial especially after the end of the Cold War. In doing so, it also aims at advancing our theoretical and empirical understanding of international relations by discussing (a) the economic and political dimensions of globalization, (b) the relationship between global changes and state power, (c) the crucial problems of international relations, such as poverty, security, global governce and terrorism, and also (d) the important case studies such as the American hegemony, European Integration, global economic crisis.
Global Governance	IR 341	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is about the ideas, institutions, and practices through which global politics is organized. The course has three objectives: 1) to provide an overview of the structure and dynamics of global governance in the late 20th century; 2) to raise issues related to power and justice in the contemporary global order; 3) to analyze the effects of globalization on the nature of order. We will study the relationships between states,international organizations, and non-governmental organizations on issues of international trade, collective security, peace keeping, human rights, development, environment. Questions that we will address through class readings and discussions will include: what does globalization mean for global governance; is it possible (or even desirable) to have a universal human rights regime; can a trade regime like the WTO actually lead a more just global order?
Turkish Foreign Policy	IR 342	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A systematic study of contemporary Turkish foreign policy making in a global context. Topics include, major issues, actors, decision making mechanisms, enduring patterns and changing orientations in Turkish Foreign Policy. Issues comprise: Greece and Cyprus; Russia and Bulgaria; Syria, Iraq and Israel; Armenia and Azerbaijan; the European Union; the UN and NATO.
International Political Economy	IR 391	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines the interaction between politics and economics on an international scale. International political economy (IPE) is a field situated at the intersection of markets and politics. Through analyzing the nature of economic and political linkages at the global level, this course focuses on varying roles of states; multilateral and domestic institutions; and, non-state actors in shaping prevalent processes in the IPE. The main goal of this course is to expose students to theoretical debates and substantive empirical issues in the contemporary IPE scholarship. In order to meet this goal, we will discuss major theoretical approaches in the IPE field and analyze substantive empirical issues in light of these approaches. The empirical issues we will study include: international monetary relations; international trade and capital flows; and, contemporary phenomena like globalization and regionalization. Overall, this course seeks to help students develop theoretical knowledge and analytical skills in the field of IPE.
Foreign Policy Analysis	IR 392	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course concentrates on the making and the implementation of foreign policy in theory and practice: foreign and security policy-making; case studies.
World Politics	IR 394	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course identifies the external processes that affect states in a multi-disciplinary approach. The students will exposed to the recent developments in international politics through a theoretical lens acquired in IR theory courses. One aspect of the course is to furnish students with the capacity to link internal/domestic developments to external events. The issues where they will be able to develop the linkage will be foreign policy making and the impact of domestic politics on foreign policy making. In that aspect, the course is mostly geared towards the liberal institutionalist school of IR. The course will focus on the impact of the international crisis on domestic structures, the concept of change and turbulence in international politics, the role of culture and identity in world politics.
Türkiye and the Middle East	IR 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Türkiye's relations with and policies towards the middle east have normally been treated as subsidiary to and less important than its relations with the main European states and the USA. However, over the last two decades they have clearly achieved vastly increased importance and autonomy: in fact, it seems safe to say that Türkiye's relations with its middle eastern neighbours now constitute one of the most problematic - and potentially the most dangerous - of the diverse theatres in which Turkish foreign policy is actively engaged. This course examines Turkish policy towards the region in the context of Türkiye's wider foreign policy interests and objectives, through successive historical periods, since the 1920s. It is divided into three sections: (i) the historical evolution of Turkish policy towards the region as a whole, from 1918 to the 1990s: (ii) Turkish policy towards four middle eastern actors of particular importance to Türkiye: (iii) for the most recent period, Turkish policy before and after the Gulf war of 2003
Türkiye in Europe	IR 402	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to analyze Türkiye's place in Europe from an international politics perspective. Türkiye has a unique place in Europe which is shaped by its history and geography. The course will focus on the political dimensions of Türkiye's place in Europe from 1945 onwards with special emphasis on the EU. This course aims to provide students with a systematic study of Türkiye's position in Europe in the Cold War and the post-Cold War era. To do so, the course analyzes the basic parameters of Türkiye and the European Union relations by covering the Ankara treaty, Association Agreement, Customs Union and the phases of Türkiye's association with the EU. The course elaborates in detail on Türkiye's EU candidacy and the accession negotiations and investigates the main obstacles to Türkiye's accession and the internal dynamics within the EU towards Türkiye's accession in detail.
European Foreign Policy	IR 405	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to familiarize the students with the basic concepts of the European Union's foreign policy. It provides a theoretical and analytical basis for students to asses the EU's performance as an international actor. The course addresses the main European Foreign Policy actors, tools, institutions, objectives and issues. Topics to be discussed include the EU's response to contemporary challenges in world politics.
International Security	IR 410	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course surveys traditional and non-traditional understandings of security by exploring a wide range of theoretical perspectives and thematic issues. The fact that international security is generally about the threat and use of force, raises questions such as: What causes war? Do regime types matter for peace? Is nuclear proliferation necessarily a threat to international stability? Would the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Türkiye bring more security to itself and the region? What is terrorism and how much of a threat does it constitute for states? Through these questions, this course equips students with multiple approaches along with a historically nuanced understanding of the challenges of our times.
Human Rights in World Affairs	IR 489	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to the foundations of human rights theory and practice. The course analyzes what constitutes as human rights (political, economic, social, and cultural rights) and examines contemporary issues around the globe. The course will also offer a critical analysis of international human rights norms and its enforcement by focusing on major international institutions and the documents that govern the human rights regime as well as the role of states, individuals, NGOs and the media.
Project and Internship	IS 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
International Law	LAW 311	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide a concise account of the basic concepts of international law. After focusing on the debate on the nature of international law and its political and historical underpinnings, it will explore the sources of international law and the relations between international and municipal law. States and governments, international organisations, companies and individuals will be examined as subjects of international law. More specific issues, such as treatment of aliens, jurisdiction, treaties, state succession, the law of the Sea, air and outer space and will examine human rights, peaceful settlement of interstate disputes, and the law of war will complete the agenda of this course.
Comparative Constitutional Law	LAW 312	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the similarities and differences between written constitutions that stem from diverse legal and cultural backgrounds. While the chosen constitutions may differ according to the instructor, the emphasis is on making critical comparisons between the different constitutional systems, including substantive areas such as: Judicial Review; Individual Freedoms; Separation of Powers; Centralization of Decision Making; Pluralism; and Protection of Democratic Principles.
Human Rights in the EU	LAW 404	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course focuses on the EU?s influence on human rights within member and candidate countries, as well as countries with which EU has set up external relations.It deals with the human rights policy and human rights acquis of the EU and studies human rights jurisdiction of the relevant monitoring bodies. Secondly, the course illuminates selective human rights problems that have been the subject of daily discussions all over Europe. Lastly, the course focuses on the human rights clauses placed in the external agreements of the EU, human rights conditionality in relation to full membership, and the role of the EU in promoting and protecting human rights in developing countries.
Analyzing Text and Context	LIT 212	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Whatever our profession or interests, we are surrounded by texts in our daily lives: newspapers, advertising, instruction manuals and novels, to name only a few. This course introduces the interpretive strategies necessary to be critical readers of the texts we encounter. While the emphasis will be primarily on the written word and the methods of literary criticism, the course may also take up other cultural "texts," in a larger sense, ranging from film and video to fashion and opera. In all cases, the production, reception and use of texts in specific cultural contexts will be given close attention.
Topics in World Literature	LIT 252	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to various topics in world literature, as well as to methods of understanding and analyzing the texts within their specific historical and cultural contexts. The specific works read in this course will change from year to year.
Popular Literature	LIT 320	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines various forms of 19th and 20th century literature that fall outside the rubric of the literary canon. It aims to provide an understanding of what constitutes popular literature and its place in contemporary culture. It focuses on one or more popular genres such as adventure fiction, children's literature, horror, detective fiction, romance, and science fiction, offering an introduction to such topics as literary value, readership, generic conventions, narrative techniques, and adaptation.
Literature and Immigration	LIT 354	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Immigration has received much attention in the last century, usually as a "problem" or a "question" for the host country. The general term immigration is often used to talk about political exiles, economic refugees and internal migrants, as well as those who fit the classic picture of an individual or family moving permanently to a new home country. This course will look at literary works by writers who have been classified as "immigrants" to the country from which they write. While the course will take into account the linguistic, political and cultural issues these authors consider, it will also consider how the writers themselves have embraced or rejected the designation of "immigrant" and what is at stake in such a decision.
Literature, Ideology and Resistance	LIT 359	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course focuses on some of the major literary figures responsible for innovating literature's political role in society and redefining the responsibility of artists and critics in the twentieth century. The euphoria created by the struggles against colonization and racial and class oppression in various parts of the world led artists to reevaluate the political possibilities of literature. The study of a group of writers at the nexus of these struggles will incorporate a critical dialogue on cultural studies. Accordingly, the course puts the emphasis on the theoretical debates on how culture, ideology, 'race', ethnicity and class have been defined and/or represented. An important learning outcome is to equip the student with the conceptual tools to analyze a variety of literary texts with respect to politics, ideology and resistance
Modern Turkish Literature	LIT 394	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	What are the repercussions of social and political movements in Turkish literature? How is the cultural dynamism of Türkiye represented on the literary plane? This course will explore modern Türkiye and its literature through the works of writers such as Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Oğuz Atay, Adalet Ağaoğlu and Orhan Pamuk. The course will attempt to define what we mean by "Turkish national literature" by analyzing representations of gender, religion, cultural and national identity not only in works written in Turkish but also those written in a language other than Turkish (predominantly English) and published outside the borders of Türkiye (Selma Ekrem, Halide Edib.)
Literature and Psychoanalysis	LIT 440	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course focuses on the critical evaluation of the impact of psychoanalytic discourses on literature and literary studies and vice versa. Basic concepts of psychoanalytic theory and criticism will be covered with reference to the writings of Freud and Lacan, as well as to the later interventions by such theorists as Derrida, Zizek, Deleuze and Guattari. Students will be encouraged to develop their skills in the textual analysis of a range of literary and psychoanalytic works, considering them as distinct ways of talking about desire, fantasy, memory, madness, and the unconscious.
Gender and Sexuality in Literature	LIT 445	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the ways in which literature reflects, influences, creates, and reveals cultural beliefs about gender roles, identities, and sexuality by analyzing short stories, novels, poems, and plays from a diversity of eras and national traditions. Literary texts are studied in the light of major works of feminist and queer literary theories and histories of sexuality. The ways in which gender intersects with other cultural issues such as race, nationhood, globalization, and class is also addressed in the context of specific literary texts.
Advanced Topics in Turkish Literature	LIT 492	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to major works of literature that have influenced Turkish history and culture and continue to have an impact on our understanding of contemporary Türkiye. Course materials combine such literary works with theoretical and historical writings on Türkiye, focusing on topics such as nationalism, gender, theories of third world narratives and aesthetics in a non-western context, canon-formation and the construction of a national canon, minority literatures, and prison literature. Compared to a introductory survey course on Turkish Literature (such as LIT 394), LIT 492 encourages in-depth analyses of fewer literary works. The authors to be covered include (but are not limited to) Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Oğuz Atay, Orhan Pamuk, Adalet Ağaoğlu, Latife Tekin, Elif Şafak, Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Mehmet Uzun, and Mıgırdıç Margosyan. The language of instruction is Turkish. For the possibility of being taken simultaneously by graduate students, and of fulfilling the research seminar requirements in History in particular, see LIT 692.
Majors: Informative Course	MJC 100	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The purpose of this course is to familiarize students with the degree and minor honor programs at SU and career opportunities offered by these programs. It will help students make a more informed choice about their future field of study and introduce opportunities that students may use during their undergraduate. The course emphasizes the interdisciplinarity of Sabancı University and the fact that each of our students can choose an individual route to graduation. The course is a prerequisite for major declaration.
Problems of Philosophy	PHIL 202	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to contemporary research on the central problems of philosophy such as the foundations of knowledge, the basis of morality, the existence of God, the relationship between mind and body, and the problem of free will.
Philosophy of Science	PHIL 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to the main issues and approaches in the philosophy of science. Topics to be covered are the origins, the nature and the aims of science; the problem of demarcation; the problem of induction; the nature of scientific explanation; the rationality of science and scientific objectivity; scientific method, theories and their testing; scientific revolutions; realism/anti-realism debate; and science and values.
Philosophy of Social Sciences	PHIL 301	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to the main issues and approaches in the philosophy of social sciences, with a focus on questions of methodology. These include whether social sciences employ a methodology different from that of the natural sciences; whether explanations in terms of reasons differ in any way from those in terms of causes; the nature of social reality; the relationship between individuals and social structures; the debate between methodological individualism and methodological holism; whether social sciences are value-free or not and the problem of objectivity. General approaches to be discussed are positivism, realism, the hermeneutical-interpretive and critical schools. These approaches and issues will be exemplified in the context of various social scientific disciplines.
Philosophy of Mind	PHIL 310	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to traditional and current topics in philosophy of mind and cognition. The first part of the course is devoted to the mind-body problem and classical responses to it like dualism, identity theory, and functionalism. The second part deals with two characteristic features of mind: intentionality and consciousness. Accounts to be discussed include representationalism and the computer model of mind, connectionism and neural networks, theories of mental content, theories of phenomenal consciousness.
Emotion and Reason	PHIL 313	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the relations between reason and emotion in moral cognition and cognition more generally, through the works of selected major philosophers and the findings of contemporary psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
Symbolic Logic	PHIL 321	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to formal logic. Topics to be covered include propositional logic and predicate logic.
Philosophy of Art	PHIL 322	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide both an introduction to philosophies of art and an opportunity to philosophise art, actual and perhaps imaginary: what has counted as art, for someone somewhere, as well as what might count as such. The aims of philosophy will be reviewed - such as truth, value, understanding - in the light of different works of art and different ways of understanding them. The aims, or ends, of art will also therefore be put in question.
Imagination and Play	PHIL 323	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course analyzes various aspects of imagination that puzzle philosophers and psychologists. It asks what kind of puzzles emerge when, for example, children pretend to be trains or to have a tea party, when we cry while watching a movie (although we know it is just fiction), when we resist imagining that killing babies on the grounds of their gender is good, or when philosophers believe to have disproven materialism by imagining a zombie (a creature that is identical to us except lacking consciousness). Special emphasis is put on pretend play which is considered to present one of the major skills of human mental development: Is children’s fantasy totally unconstrained? Do they know that they are only pretending? What is different in the imaginative capacities of autistic children? What happens when adults try to put themselves into another’s shoes?
Philosophy of Biology	PHIL 342	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to the main issues in philosophy of biology. It begins by briefly explaining some of the fundamental matters in philosophy of science such as: scientific inquiry, the problem of demarcation, science and values, biology’s place in sciences and following these it opens up an examination of what life is. It then continues with introductions to major philosophical topics in biology such as: evolution, units of selection, genotype and phenotype, environment, innateness, epigenetics, developmental biology, genomics and phenomics, reductionism, complexity, biological laws, sociobiology and its controversies, biology and ethics. The course aims include encouraging students to discuss these topics as well as helping them to understand the main features of biology as a scientific discipline and also to familiarize themselves with philosophical problems related to methodologies of biology and its close connections with social issues.
Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence	PHIL 370	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to philosophy of current and possible future artificial intelligence technologies. Some topics that we will cover include the existential threat that AI is thought to pose on humanity, intelligence explosion and the singularity, autonomy of AI systems, algorithmic bias, autonomous weapons, self-driving cars, robot rights, and moral agency of AI systems.
Independent Study	PHIL 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list and forms of evaluation. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Epistemology	PHIL 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the central issues in the theory of knowledge. Topics to be covered include the traditional analysis of knowledge, the Gettier problem, skepticism, coherentism, foundationalism, and reliabilism.
Personhood and Personal Identity	PHIL 421	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course pursues a philosophical inquiry into the significance of being a `person? and the conditions of personal identity, through a critical examination of some of the major theories on personal identity and personhood developed so far.
Science and Society	PHIL 450	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to study the two-way interaction between science and society. It aims to understand how science and science-driven technology change society and in turn how social factors influence them. Topics covered will include: the changing nature of scientific research, the challenges to formulating science policy in democratic societies, the comercialization of scientific research, how scientific controversies on matters of interest to the public are played out, and normative questions that these issues raise.
Environmental Ethics and Sustainability	PHIL 460	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course serves as an introduction to the goal of sustainability and the ethical issues regarding our environment, i.e. the natural world and the non-human entities in it. We will begin by analyzing the justification for sustainable policies and lifestyles. Then we will focus on issues raised by the various ways sustainability might be achieved: increasing the efficiency of our resource use, slowing or reversing population growth, and slowing or reversing economic growth. Questions asked and discussed will include, but are not limited to: What role does the environment play in human well-being? How should we go about making environmental policy decisions? How should animal suffering affect the way we treat non-human animals? What obligations, if any, do we have toward non-human animals, plants and/or eco-systems? Students are expected to have a comprehensive ethical understanding of environmental issues through these questions.
Comparative Politics	POLS 250	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	In this course, some of the critical tools for comparative analysis will be introduced. The units of comparative analysis can vary. Sometimes what is compared is the historical transformation on the road to becoming nation-states which may shed some light onto different political regime outcomes in various countries. Comparative analysis is done through pattern depiction, for instance, in three different countries such as Germany, Italy, and Japan that have experienced fascist regimes. Students learn to see what these cases have in common in terms of their political transformation that explains the rise of fascism in these particular cases and not in others. It is through such analyses that students equip themselves with tools towards making predictions about political regime changes. In sum, it is such tools that make political analysis possible. This course involves an analysis of the major modes of transformation and political modernization leading to various regime outcomes in the twentieth century. In the first part of the semester, the meaning of pre-modern and modern politics will be unraveled and particular state-formation and nation-building processes will be studied in the Western European context. In the second part, some of the critical features of the emerging political ideologies that accompany these processes will be studied. The third part of the course will focus on comparative electoral systems, political party structures, the dynamics among the legislative, executive and judiciary bodies of government in key West European countries throughout the twentieth century.
Borders, Citizens, Immigrants, Refugees	POLS 251	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Citizenship is essentially a product of modern politics. This course will adopt a modernist interpretation of citizenship and will look at the evolution of the concept in the aftermath of the French Revolution. We will, first, look at the geneology of the concept and relate it to the various stages of nationalism. We will, then, unravel the relationship between citizenship and democratization by referring to various approaches to the concept of civil society.
Project and Internship	POLS 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
Political Theory I	POLS 301	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	All societies reflect on how to structure and govern common life, the values that ought to guide it, and the forces that shape it. This course surveys the varying answers given to these questions by different political philosophers such as Aristotle, Nizamülmülk, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Marx, Namık Kemal ve Mill.
Issues and Concepts in Political Philosophy	POLS 302	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a supplemental to SPS requirement course "Pols 301 Political Philosophy". The course will be thematically organized and will explore philosophical perspectives on such concepts like, will, freedom, modernity, authority, heroism, autonomy and power. Texts from ancient as well as modern (and post-modern) political thinkers will be employed to encourage students to address issues that are pertinent not only to "society at large" but also to their own individual political practice.
Elections And Political Participation	POLS 303	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to political participation in its conventional and unconventional forms. The course will take various perspectives on political modernization and the role attributed to different forms of participation or the lack thereof as its starting point. Mass elections and mass political violence will be discussed more in depth from the competing perspectives of modernization and rational choice literatures. Influential texts from the relevant literature will be used to guide the discussion towards a critique of the pioneering works and towards an evaluation of the current debates in the literature.
Political Ideologies in Modern Türkiye	POLS 305	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will include a survey of the origins and evolution of various though currents in Türkiye such as liberalism, nationalism, conservatism, socialism and feminism. While delineating these currents of thought, main ideas of some key proponents of these ideologies such as Yusuf Akçura, Ziya Gökalp, Prens Sabahattin and Ahmet Ağaoğlu will be studied.
Politics of Development	POLS 307	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course studies the mechanisms through which societies and governments deal with the challenge of development. Following a brief discussion of the concept of development and various historical development strategies. The course focuses on the contemporary challenges of development: Inequality (including gender inequality and the politics of (re)distribution), economic instability, corruption, political environments where informal institutions are pervasive and rule of law is weak, and the sharing of natural resources (such as oil and water.) The course will conclude with an overview of how the international dimension has influenced the politics of development by focusing briefly on the impact of the Cold War, foreign power involvement and globalization
Politics of Southern Europe	POLS 348	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The European countries that lie at the Southern flanks of the continent share common political, economic, and cultural aspects that set them apart from their Western neighbors. For instance, they consolidated their democracies later and, with the exception of Italy, joined the European Community around thirty years after its creation. This course will study the politics, society, and economy of Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece from a comparative perspective. First, the state structure, party politics, and electoral systems of the Southern European countries will be introduced. Second, the causes, policies, and the collapse of the interwar authoritarian regimes of Salazar, Franco, Mussolini, and Metaxas will be examined. In this context, special emphasis will be given to how democracy consolidated in Southern Europe. Continuing political problems, such as Basque nationalism in Spain, the Sicilian mafia in Italy, and the Muslim minority in Greece will also be discussed. Finally, the course will conclude with the entrance of the Southern European countries to the European Community, their policies and roles within the Union, and the effects of the EU on Southern Europe.
Politics of South-East Asia	POLS 349	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Contemporary politics in Southeast Asia must be understood in light of colonialism, the nationalist movements that colonial rule in effect produced, and the geo-strategic imperatives of the cold war. Colonial rule defined the territorial boundaries and institutions of the modern state, nationalism provided a new political discourse and elite, and the cold war helped determine the nature of authority in post-colonial states. This course will examine the political landscape of Southeast Asia, paying particular attention to the historical conditions (colonialism, modernity, nationalism, war) which gave rise to the construction of Southeast Asia as a geo-political entity and to the boundaries and institutions of particular states. The course will focus on key themes such as: democratization and nationalism, the role of ethnic minorities, the political role of religion, etc
Transitions to Democracy in Eastern Europe	POLS 350	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is primarily designed to focus on the Eastern and Central European transformations to democracy. Thus, it aims to equip the students with a broad understanding of both "democratization" as a concept and how it was achieved in the post-communist Europe. Other examples of democratization in the world are also dealt within the course.
Dynamics of Political Change	POLS 351	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to focus on the relevant theories to political change in developing countries. The interaction between state and society and the theories that analyze political change will be studied thoroughly within the framework of the course. A theoretical structure will be drawn in order to understand the formation of diverse political structures and the dynamics of political change in several countries. There will also be specific references to the dynamics of political change in different geographica areas of the world, such as Europe, Asia and the Middle East
Turkish Politics I	POLS 352	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will focus on the problems of consolidation of democracy in Türkiye. It will begin with an historical background and then delve into analyses of the structure of the parliament, political parties, the bureaucracy, the military, and the civil society.
Turkish Politics II	POLS 353	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide a systematic review of major political developments in contemporary Türkiye. The main objective of the course is to analyze and discuss those political institutions, actors, and issues that have come to shape Turkish political life in the post- 1980 period. Focusing on substantive topics such as civil-military relations, rise of identity-politics, role of religion, elections, and political parties, we will study the country's transition to democratic rule after military rule and evaluate its performance over time. Special attention will be paid to regime change in recent years and its long-term political implications.
Politics of Migration	POLS 354	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Global migration has vastly increased, become more diverse and challenging the territorial, cultural and conceptual boundaries. This course explores the changing face, dilemmas and opportunities of migration in both receiving and sending states, emphasizing the political aspects of migration. The geographical and temporal focus may vary according to the instructor. The course examines why people move, the politics and policies of border control in the developed receiving states (e.g., USA, Canada, Western Europe) and how domestic and/or interstate developments such as European integration have changed the nature of migration policymaking. It addresses questions of immigrant integration and diversity and studies the benefits and challenges to receiving states. Special topics include emigration and development, remittances, brain drain, the role of sending state policies on state and identity formation and an analysis of the Turkish case as an example of a state facing the challenges of both emigration and immigration
Constitutional Law	POLS 364	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is aiming at providing introductory knowledge and information on the Constitutional Law in general, the Turkish Constitutional Law, and the overall characteristics and conditions of the Turkish democracy as well as the basic principles of law. The course will enable the participants to understand and learn the basics of constitutional law and to empower them to comprehend, appraise and assess the democratic institutions/processes of Türkiye.
Law and Politics	POLS 365	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is about how political dynamics shape courts and how courts, in turn, shape politics. The overarching goal of this course is to provide an introduction to judicial politics literature and explore the political determinants of judicial independence and empowerment. This course helps students understand why, when, and how courts function or fail to function as independent checks on government. In this regard, the course looks at how politics and inter-branch relations (executive and legislature) may or may not influence constitutional courts’ decisions and focuses on judicial review practices in developing democracies (including Türkiye). Focusing on international /supranational courts, the course also examines the willingness of states to engage in compliance and enforcement.
Special Topics in Political Science and International Relations	POLS 366	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The specific focus of the course will be announced each semester that it is offered. Special topics may vary but will draw from the fields of political science and international relations. Students are expected to study the relevant literature and acquire knowledge in the relevant field.
Modern Dictatorships and the One-Party Period Political System in Türkiye	POLS 392	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course offers an in-depth study of the one-party period and political system in Türkiye placing it in its historical and political context, and introducing primary source materials. Contrasting political alignments had already emerged in the course of the War of Independence; their extensions and ramifications are pursued through the phase immediately preceding the creation of the Republic, down to the end of the Kemalist-dominated early Republican era. The political, cultural, economic and foreign policy dimensions of this entire period are viewed as a whole, though with specific emphasis on its political organizations. The experience of 20th century dictatorships like Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, or Spain under Franco are drawn upon in constructing a broad comparative framework.
Political Parties in Türkiye	POLS 393	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Within the framework of the historical past and developments of world political parties, Turkish political parties from the past to the present day, will be analysed from a comparative perspective. This analysis will include parties' organisations, their members, their activities, and will also stretch out towards political leadership, parliamentary activities, the sociological bases of political parties, elections and election systems. The relations between parties and regimes, between party systems and party structures will be touched upon. The reasons for the establishment of the political parties in Türkiye as well as their roots, will be taken up within a historical and political context, together with the way they all effect each other. The parties in Türkiye, the party programs, their rules and regulations, elections in Türkiye, analyses of the election results, the struggles between parties, ideologies, the influence of parties on one another, will be studied on the basis of political history and political science, and from a sociological viewpoint.
Independent Study	POLS 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list and forms of evaluation. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Ancient, Medieval and Early Political Theory	POLS 400	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a chronological survey of the history of ncient Greek, medieval and early modern political thought. It begins with the Greek classics and covers the medieval thinkers and ends with Renaissance and the 16th century thinkers. Given more than two millennia between the first and the last, the course aims to place each thinker within the relevant historical context linking each with the past and present day discussions thus preparing the students for a sound evaluation of later stages of political theorizing.
Political Psychology	POLS 403	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides a broad introduction to the field of political psychology, including historical and contemporary perspectives, surveys the major theoretical approaches and reviews most important contemporary empirical findings. Political psychology, as a subfield of political science, investigates the psychological processes that influence political decision making, attitude formation, voter behavior including candidate and issue evaluations. Such processes include affective responses, information processing, group dynamics, political socialization, etc. Applications of political psychology extend from the analysis of individuals' political attitudes (e.g. candidate evaluations, prejudice towards ethnic, religious and social minorities, etc.) to elite decision making in major international crisis
Comparative Party Systems and Electoral Behavior	POLS 404	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to introduce undergraduate students to theories and facts about political parties, comparative political party systems, interest or pressure groups, and interest group systems. The objective of the course is to teach students how organized political action takes shape, and how such action influence the structure of party and interest group systems.
Political Thought: Issues, Concepts, Debates	POLS 405	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to introduce some of the main concepts, theories and debates in political thought. The focus of the course is to provide a seminar in which students can wrestle with some of the fundamental questions that political scientists ask themselves. Hence, the course's aims are two-fold: To give the students a chance to familiarize themselves with major theories and debates in political philosophy, and to encourage analytical and critical skills on the subject.
American Politics and Government	POLS 410	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a course for senior and advanced students who are interested in the intricacies and the uniqueness of American democracy and its historical development. In addition to the analysis of American political institutions, special emphasis will be given to cultural, historical, social and economic factors that contribute to the uniqueness of the American experiment. Students who have already taken courses in comparative government and international relations will preferably be allowed to register. In the case of students of other programs demonstration of substantial interest and POLS 250 and IR 201 are prerequisites for the course.
Modernity: Concept, Perspectives, and Issues	POLS 421	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	What do we mean by "modernity?" How do we distinguish "modernity" in terms of how human beings relate to their natural, physical, and social environment; how they adopt new socio-cultural norms; and how, as a result, they develop new perspectives on political economy and the means for government. The course will explore the relationship between "modernity" and the comprehensive paradigm change driven by the scientific discoveries that initiated the modern era; the shift from universal claims to national interests as well as the accompanying changes in class structures and the distribution of resources within sovereign states; and increasing demands for representation and legitimacy. It will also focus on major issues such as modernity vs. tradition; empiricism, reason, and belief; moderate and radical enlightenment; multilateralism vs. great power rivalry; the rise of evolutionary movements and the concomitant hero-worship of the romantic period; and twentieth-century as well as contemporary critiques of "modernity".
Politics and Culture	POLS 422	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a survey of theories that take “culture” seriously and regard it as a determining factor in the shaping of political phenomena. These are theories that emphasize the relevance of shared beliefs, ideologies, values or behavior patterns for making sense of political processes, events and institutions . The course draws on philosophical as well as empirical literature in this field. Course readings include works by Herder, Marx, Weber, Geertz, Almond, Putnam and Inglehart, among others
Civil Society	POLS 425	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course will have a twin foci: On the one hand, we will examine various theoretical formulations of the notion of civil society. We will study writings by classical liberal theorists as well as their critique from Hegelian and Marxist perspectives. On the other hand, we will engage the empirical, comparative analyses of civil society and discuss related issues of democratization, multiculturalism public sphere and identity politics. The experiences of East European and Middle East/North African countries (including Türkiye's) will receive special attention. The intention of the course is to bring the theoretical and empirical aspects of the debates on civil society together in an attempt to clarify and critically appropriate this often-used but ill-understood concept.
Formal Modelling and Political Analysis I	POLS 434	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to provide an introduction to deductive theory and formal modelling. Topics covered include elementary decision theory, game theory and theory of social choice, with no mathematical prerequisites assumed expect high school algebra.
Latin American Politics	POLS 446	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course studies Latin American Politics from theoretical and empirical perspectives. First, it will provide a short introduction to the history of Latin America based on major theoretical perspectives with a particular emphasis on the second half of the twentieth century and current context. Then, it will mainly focus on major political, social and economic institutions in the region, while studying intra-regional variation in this respect as well as the common patterns. It will examine the evolution of democratic regimes, military interventions, transitions and civil society politics from an institutionalist perspective, focusing on the so-called ''third wave'' of democratization processes in the region. The course will finally explore the politics of ongoing processes of regionalization within Latin America and between Latin America and other regions of the world. The politics and ideology behind the ideal of ''Latin American integration'' will be studied in this final section. The mail goal of this course is to expose students to substantive empirical issues and theoretical debates in the contemporary scholarship on Latin American politics.
Conflicts in the Middle East	POLS 448	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Conflicts in the Middle East is an overview of conflicts in the Middle East. In the latter half of the twentieth century, inter-state wars, civil wars, insurgencies and terrorism in this region have increased without a comprehensive resolution of a single conflict. The focus of the course will be an analysis of the roots of these conflicts, such as inter-religious, inter-sectarian, inter-ethnic tensions and the possibilities for their resolution. Special attention will be paid to the Lebanese and Yemeni civil wars and post-World War two inter-state conflicts such as the Arab-Israeli wars, the Iran-Iraq war, and finally the last two Gulf Wars. Student simulations will explore conflict resolution issues and techniques in the Arab-Israeli peace process and post-conflict Iraq.
Rise and Fall of Democracy	POLS 455	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to give the student an understanding of the democratic regime as well as the way in which it has come under attack in the contemporary period. It offers an introduction to the conflicting definitions of the term and addresses such issues as democracy as government and representation. The course reviews the phenomenal rise of electoral democracies after the Third Wave and the proliferation of 'democracy with adjectives' in the global south. Particular emphasis is be placed on those factors and mechanisms that have eroded democratic institutions and facilitated democratic backsliding and breakdown in different parts of the globe.
The Politics of Authoritarian Regimes	POLS 457	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide students with a better understanding of the conceptual and operational differences between authoritarian and democratic regimes. It examines the similarities and differences among varieties of authoritarian regimes, the factors that lead to democratic backsliding and establishment of authoritarian rule, the strategies that authoritarian power- holders use for regime survival, state-society relations under authoritarian rule, the paths toward the end of authoritarian regimes, and re-democratization.
Analytical Approaches To The European Union	POLS 462	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to introduce the students to rational choice institutionalism as it is applied to European integration studies. Institutional configurations and their impact upon political outcomes within the study of European integration are analyzed with a focus on the analytic character of group choice, voting methods and behavior, cooperation, collective action, public goods, institutional choice and reform. First institutions are discussed as formal, legalistic entities and decision rules imposing restrictions upon utility maximizing self-interested political actors. Second, applications to our understanding of the EU enlargement, ratification and intergovernmental negotiations, European integration and governance are discussed.
Political Theory II	POLS 473	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the central issues in contemporary political philosophy such as the nature and value of democracy, freedom, justice, equality, collective well- being, collective identity, and the political institutions these ideals require.
Ethnicity and Nationalism	POLS 483	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to explore relations (or the absence of relations) between nationalism and ethnicity in different socio-political contexts. This course is designed not only for developing a comparative theoretical approach to nationalism and ethnicity, but also for attempting to make a collective enquiry into the emergence and transformation of the concept of nation, nationalism, patriotism and ethnicity through time. While surveying the classical and current theories of nationalism and ethnicity, this course also aims to address the concepts of migration, diaspora, collective memory and reconciliation as relevant concepts of social sciences.
European Politics	POLS 491	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to introduce the politics of the new Europe in the aftermath of the collapse of the communist bloc. Europe, a continent historically torn by divison and conflict now encompasses 38 nations that are almost all democratic in reality or aspiration and oriented towards market, rather than command economies. Given its historical and cultural commonalities, Europe is a natural unit for an area studies approach to political science. The course covers the politics of the established democracies and also concentrates on democratic transitions on the continent. Although in a limited extend, it also reflects on the politics in the European Union.
European Union: Politics, Policies and Governance	POLS 492	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide the students with a basic understanding of the European Union. The course will give an evolution of the idea of European unity through a neo-functionalist framework. The main focus of the course is on the emergence of the European Union and its institutions in a historical framework. The ultimate objective is to furnish students with the comprehension that the state is going through a major transformation in Europe due to the process of European integration.
Comparative Local Government	POLS 493	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A major structural change has taken place in Turkish society with the urban population surpassing the rural population for the first time in the Ottoman-Turkish continuum. The first rate of urbanization has not resulted in a parallel process of urban integration, creating serious problems in both tangible (infrastructure, housing, services) and intangible (identity, participation, civic engagement) aspects of urban space. This dual character of urban settlements in Türkiye has been compounded by a strained relationship between central and local govenment in sharing of competences and resources. The strategic decision of Türkiye to join the European Union (EU); the need to harmonize policies; the prevalent trends and principles in the EU in the field of local govenment have created a new urgency to critically reappraise the administrative system in Türkiye. The general tendency in the EU for decentralization, deconcentration and devolution, true to the spirit of local and regional governance, has necessitated local government reform to top the reform agenda in Türkiye. Within the confines of the Course, a comparative analysis of existing institutions and processes will be taken up, followed by trends and evolving patterns of local governance in both the EU and Türkiye.
Middle Eastern Politics and Government	POLS 495	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A junior - senior level undergraduate course of comparative government and politics of the Middle East. It aims to analyze the emergence of the post World War I state system,major factors influencing political stability and change in the new states of the Middle East, with special reference to the role of religion, and oil.
Reform and the History of Ideas in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century	POLS 496	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The existing literature about reform in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century concentrates primarily on the the institutional components of reform. A great deal of research on the intellectual and knowledge component of reform had appeared ever since the 1860s. The time has now come to review this literature and bring it into a course constructed for that purpose.
Guided Project I	PROJ 301	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is an elective course that aims to provide FASS students in particular with an upper-class introduction, under academic guidance, to thematically focused, practice-oriented research and applied experience in areas or problems of work broadly related to the Humanities and Social Sciences (such as : quantitative surveys; curriculum development and course design; teacher training; teaching at the primary and secondary school level; forms of public, community, out-reach or electronic education; cultural legacy management; exhibition design, excavation design or performance design). Such themes or problems will be changing from one semester (or year) to the next, depending on concrete opportunities for students to put their new knowledge and skills to the test in real-world settings.
Guided Project II	PROJ 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is an elective course that aims to provide FASS students in particular with an upper-class introduction, under academic guidance, to thematically focused, practice-oriented research and applied experience in areas or problems of work broadly related to the Humanities and Social Sciences (such as : quantitative surveys; curriculum development and course design; teacher training; teaching at the primary and secondary school level; forms of public, community, out-reach or electronic education; cultural legacy management; exhibition design, excavation design or performance design). Such themes or problems will be changing from one semester (or year) to the next, depending on concrete opportunities for students to put their new knowledge and skills to the test in real-world settings.
Project and Internship	PSIR 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
Research Methods for Political Science and International Relations I	PSIR 311	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Statistical reasoning and techniques used by social researchers to summarize data and test hypotheses. Topics include describing data collection, sampling measurement, distributions, cross-tabulations, scaling, probability,correlation/regression and non-parametric tests.
Research Methods for Political Science and International Relations II	PSIR 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide an introductory exposure to survey research techniques in political science. It starts with a comparative assessment of the kind of questions survey research is most able to answer and sources of error associated with this methodology. It next clarifies different stages of survey planning and moves on to discuss questionnaire design issues. Next, the discussion focuses on sampling techniques, survey data analysis and reporting. All discussions are illustrated within the framework of a small project that is carried out by course participants.
Mind and Behavior	PSY 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introductory level course on human mind and behavior, designed to provide an overview of scientific psychology. The major goal of this course is to introduce theoretical perpectives as well as the empirical findings in psychology. In doing so, the course also aims to highlight both the interaction of psychological sciences with other allied disciplines and the impact of psychological findings in applied fields. In this regard, the course will present an oppurtunity for students with different backgrounds to explore links between their own fields of interest and study and psychology.
Research Methods and Statistics for Psychology I	PSY 202	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces basic concepts in research methods and the scientific method, from a Psychology perspective; including experimental logic and terminology. It also introduces the basics of null hypothesis significance testing, and teaches how to use the software SPSS for basic data manipulation and analysis.
Stress and Well-Being	PSY 203	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines associations of stress with psychological and physical well-being in adulthood. Topics include conceptualization and measurement of stress and well-being; daily life factors influencing stress reactions; psychological, social, and biological mechanisms underlying stress regulation; pathways through which daily life events and stress are linked to psychological and physical well-being; age-related changes in stress and well-being.
Project and Internship	PSY 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
Research Methods and Statistics for Psychology II	PSY 304	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course continues to develop students' understanding of, and competence in, study design and data analysis. It emphasises the use of more sophisticated techniques to test more complex predictions involving multiple predictors.
Experimental Psychology	PSY 305	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course gives students practica experience in designing, conducting, analysing and reporting psychology experiments, in small groups. The emphasis will be on encouraging students to analyse design decisions, to minimise the influence of confounding variables, and to maximise power. The course will also give a thorough grounding in scientific writing and appropriate reporting format.
Testing and Measurement	PSY 306	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides the students with necessary skills to measure psychological constructs as well as knowledge on test construction, validity and reliability issues. It also covers topics such as factor analysis and administration and scoring procedures of various types of tests, including standardized tests of intelligence.
Cognitive Processes	PSY 310	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	An introduction to the basic concepts of cognitive psychology, the course surveys areas such as perception, attention, memory and language, and thought. Empirical behavioral evidence about these areas are complemented by recent biological and neuropsychological perspectives and findings.
Emotion	PSY 311	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will introduce students to the rapidly developing field of emotion science. Students will learn about the biological function, neurology, and physiology of emotions in humans and other animals, and about strategies for measuring and classifying emotions. The course will also examine interactions between emotion and cognitive functions, and how these can be used to understand and treat mental illnesses.
Sensation / Perception	PSY 312	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will cover basic principles of sensation and perception in vision, audition and other modalities by mainly focusing on the structure and the function of the sensory systems, which will be discussed in terms of how information is processed. Additionally, some of the following questions will be discussed in this course. What are the anatomical structures of the senses? What are the factors which has an effect on these complex processes? How does the perception arise from information gathered by the sensory system?
Language	PSY 314	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an overview of research on the psychology of language. Students will be exposed to a wide range of topics including language acquisition in infancy and childhood, second language learning, the neural processing of language, and language education. The course equips students with theoretical and methodological understanding of research on language and mind.
Memory	PSY 315	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will provide the students with an overview to the scientific study of human memory. Topics that are covered include, but not limited to, memory systems and processes; such as encoding, forgetting; memory disorders and developmental approaches. Everyday applications of memory will also be explored.
Attention	PSY 316	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the theories and mechanisms of attention. Topics include classical behavioral and modern neurocognitive models of attention, a brief overview of clinical impairments of attention, and the relationships between attention and other cognitive processes.
Learning	PSY 317	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a comprehensive introduction to the elementary forms of learning that have been the focus of research for much of the 20th century. The students learn’ the theories of learning; from habituation, classical conditioning, and instrumental conditioning to stimulus control, aversive control, and their applications to the study of cognition. The course also covers how findings from animal research relate to human learning and behavior, and touches base with the main concepts in neurophysiology offering insights into neural substrates of learning processes.
Developmental Psychology	PSY 320	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A comprehensive overview of contemporary developmental science, studying the contribution of a developmental perspective (changes with age) to major questions in the field of psychology, such as thinking, memory, self etc. Recurring themes would be continuity vs discontinuity of development, and nature-nurture sources of development. Research discussions include both classic and current studies within the field. Consideration is given both to biological and cultural influences on development.
Lifespan Psychological Science	PSY 322	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims at providing students with an understanding of how life events experienced at an early time point shape behavior years later. It examines widely-held but scarcely tested assumptions of psychological theories on long-term effects on behavior, such as the effects of early development on adult life outcomes or changes in behavior from early to late adulthood. The course introduces existing long-term longitudinal studies, provides examples from popular hypotheses about long-term effects on behavior, surveys evidence on whether these hypotheses are supported and if yes, discusses which mechanisms are responsible for producing these long-term effects.
Human Bonding	PSY 323	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	the basic structure, functions, dynamics, and development of human affectional ties. The course will survey a broad range of topics at the heart attachment theory and research, including formation and maintenance of attachment bonds from infancy to adulthood, individual differences in attachment representations, attachment change across the lifespan, dissolution of attachment bonds, and strategies to promote satisfying attachment relationships.
Infant Development	PSY 325	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an overview of many of the important aspects of infant development over the first 2 years of life. This includes the development of the cognition, perception, language, temperament, personality, and social and emotional development. It covers the current debates within the field, and emprical experiments.
Social Psychology	PSY 340	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an introduction to social psychology, the study of human interaction. Social psychology is concerned with the reciprocal influence between the social environment and people's attitudes and behaviors about themselves and others. This will be a survey course, offering an overview of the important topics that comprise the field of social psychology including: social influences, prosocial behavior, group processes, gender, authority, conformity, attitude formation, aggression, persuasion and propaganda, attraction, stereotypes, and self-esteem. Emphasis will be placed on learning basic theories about human behavior in social contexts, and applying such frameworks and research to real-life settings in politics, education, law, health care, etc.
Applied Social Psychology	PSY 341	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course offers a social psychological perspective on how to help individuals become happy, healthy, wise, and nice. It will use cutting-edge research and theories in social psychology to develop strategies, policies, and business ideas that improve individual happiness and health, encourage wise decisions in organizational and educational settings, and promote prosocial behavior.
Relationship Science	PSY 343	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The goal of this course is to provide an overview of theories and research in the field of interpersonal relatipnships and family science. Topics of this course include, but are not limited to, interpersonal attraction, attachment, relationship maintenance, family violence, relationhip dissolution, and divorce.
Group Processes	PSY 344	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Building upon contemporary social psychology research literature, this course introduces students to basic intragroup processes and within group dynamics such as group formation and group thinking, group decision-making, ingroup diversity and ingroup identification, as well as intergroup processes such as the formation of stereotypes and prejudice, outgroup attitudes and behaviors The course does not only rely on classical theories in the field of group processes, but it also focuses on state of the art research in social psychological and personality science, and aims to provide students with a generic understanding of how groups-groups and groups-individual dynamics operate in various settings
Stress and Well-Being in Adulthood	PSY 345	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines associations of stress with psychological and physical well-being in adulthood. Topics include conceptualization and measurement of stress and well-being; daily life factors influencing stress reactions ; psychological, social, and biological mechanisms underlying stress regulation; pathways through which daily life events and stress are linked to psychological and physical well-being; age-related changes in stress and well-being across adulthood.
Introduction to Neuroscience	PSY 350	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will focus on the biological basis of human brain, covering topics such as neural functioning (membrane potentials, ion channels, neurotransmitters, synapses, etc.), the basis of brain organization (cortices, nuclei, axonal paths, etc.), and main neural circuitries (sensory pathways, motor system, limbic system, autonomous nervous system etc.). There will be a particular emphasis to link these electrical, chemical, and anatomical notions to the behavioral output. Topics include (but are not limited to) brain basic anatomy and function, a relationship between neural and chemical systems working together in the brain, and how we perceive the world around us.
Abnormal Behavior	PSY 360	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Theories and approaches to understanding psychopathology and treatment to, and prevention of abnormal behavior. Emphasis is on current theory, research, issues in, and the role of clinical psychology in contemporary society.
Personality	PSY 361	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to introduce students to different approaches in personality, such as, psychodynamic, cognitive, social learning, and trait approaches, and provide the background to evaluate and critique them.
Clinical Applications of Psychology	PSY 362	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is an overview of clinical applications of psychology. Topics to be covered are basic features of clinical assessment, basic features of clinical interventions, psychological testing, overview of psychotherapy models (psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, group, family etc.) and research on clinical interventions. Clinical case examples as well as relevant movies and literary works will be used in order to demonstrate the workings of clinical psychology in practice.
Individual Differences	PSY 363	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to provide an individual differences perspective to major fields of study within psychology, addressing questions such as: How and why do people differ? Does personality change over time? What are the physical, mental social consequences of personalities and intelligences? Implications of a wide range of individual differences (cultural, socio-economic, learning style, skill level, gender) are discussed.
Clinical Interviewing	PSY 364	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course will introduce students to the skills and steps of clinical interviewing. The course will also familiarize students with basic psychology skills such as non-judgementality, compassion, empathy and attunement. Students will also be familiarized with listening techniques and first interview procedures.
Family and Couple Therapy	PSY 365	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course intrıduces students to basic family and couple therapy concepts. Topics to be covered include fundamental assumptions and ideas of general systems theory ,life-cycle perspecitves that contribute to family and couple functioning and the basic theoretical orientations within family and couple therapy.
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology	PSY 366	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides a scientfic and theoretical basis for understanding specific disorders of childhood and adolescence. Topics to be covered include the clinical symptoms, assessment procedures, prevalence, etiology and treatment approaches of the most commonly diagnosed disorders.
Adolescent Development and Mental Health	PSY 368	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to cover physical, cognitive and socio-emotional transitions in adolescence within the context of family and braoder social systems including peers, school, and culture. Topcis related to risk and resilience during adolescence are discussed, with a particular focus on psychosocial development. Students are also exposed to knowledge about mental health problems in this developmental period such as depression, eating disorders, and substance abuse.
Independent Study I	PSY 398	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list, developing research skills, and gain hands-on experience in carrying out a research study. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Independent Study II	PSY 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list, developing research skills, and gain hands-on experience in carrying out a research study. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Advanced Research in Psychology	PSY 403	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The goal of this course is to develop the knowledge and skills in literature review, data analysis, and writing. Topics of this course include, but are not limited to, hypothesis generation, structure of scientific articles, description of methods, and writing up scientific research papers.
EEG Methods and Analyses	PSY 407	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a project-based course in which the student designs the experiment, collects data and performs EEG analyses. The first part of the course focuses on EEG experimental design and data collection. This section teaches students how to shape the choices EEG researchers make when designing their experiments according to their research questions. The second part focuses on data analysis and interpretation of results. Students learn preprocessing, event-related and steady- state potentials, time-frequency power analyses in both univariate and multivariate domains. They acquire not only theoretical knowledge but also practical skills.
Advanced Topics in Social and Cognitive Psychology	PSY 410	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Specific content topics in social psychology and cognitive psychology for a better understanding of both fields. The particular focus may change each semester it is offered. Topics include not limited to moral psychology, emotion, memory processes, spatial cognition etc.
Cognition, Emotion and Psychopathology	PSY 411	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	In this seminar course, students read about and discuss topics in the booming fields of affective cognition and experimental psychopathology. Students present and analyse key readings on visual search for threat, attentional and memory narrowing, cognitive biases in anxiety and depression, cognitive bias modification, and cognitive approaches to understanding and remediating PTSD. Students gain confidence in presenting complex work, independently critiquing and debating concepts and evidence.
Visual Cognition	PSY 412	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to survey research and theoretical discussions on Visual Cognition. Vision is central to our daily interactions with the world. It is the most salient sense modality, dominating our perception. Visual thinking plays a crucial role in a number of tasks such as object recognition, reading emotions from facial expressions, spatial orientation and wayfinding, creative problem solving, planning for the future, understanding scientific visualizations or visual art. Topics to be discussed include theoretical research on cognitive and neural processes underlying visual cognition as well as applied research on visual thinking and individual differences in visual processing styles.
Selected topics in Language and Communication	PSY 414	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course presents specialized topics in research on language and communication. The selected topics will vary from year to year, but topics are drawn from one or more areas of psychology and related fields including cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, neuroscience, psycholinguistics, speech pathology, and education. The main focus of this course is to closely examine recent literature in the field. By the end of the course, students are expected to have developed basic abilities to critically evaluate research articles concerning the psychology of language.
Seminar in Memory and Attention	PSY 415	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the most recent advances in interactions between attention and memory. Topics include the role of memories for guiding attention, and the role of attention for encoding, manipulation, storage, retrieval of memories. The goal of the course is to provide an advanced, state-of-art understanding of the interactions between memory and attention, and to deliver the skills for critically evaluating the relevant research.
Culture and Cognition	PSY 416	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides students interested in cognition with the opportunity to study the social and cultural aspects of thinking. It uses a psychological, and at times cognitive scientific, lens to explore issues such as the relation of language and thought, narrative development, memory (individual and collective), emotion, morality, transmission of knowledge, concepts, implicit cognition. It will survey research and theory within social psychology, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and cross-cultural psychology and provide implications from and for philosophy, anthropology, literature, artificial intelligence, and politics. This course is also concerned with methodological and theoretical challenges in the integration of cultural perspectives in psychology
Topics in Episodic Memory and Future Thinking	PSY 418	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This advanced seminar provides a thorough examination of episodic memory and episodic future thinking, encompassing both current research in the field and practical applications. The course integrates theoretical frameworks with empirical evidence, employing a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the complexities of memory and imagination processes. Key focal points include the development of episodic memory, the impact of aging on remembering, memory and imagination in social contexts, the connection between emotion and memory, the accuracy of memory, neurological perspectives on memory, the various functions of memory, and the practical implications derived from memory research.
Cognitive Development	PSY 421	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course reviews current research and theoretical issues about cognitive development. Major research areas that are covered are theory of mind, joint attention, language, memory, numerical cognition, social cognition, and implications of atypical cognitive development. Paralells with socioemotional development are also stressed.
Social Development	PSY 422	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides a broad overview of how children behave in and think about the social world. The topics include: innate and early-emerging social knowledge, moral development, social cognition, theory of mind, aggression, victimization, identity development, social categorization and bias, and the influence of peers & parents, and culture on development.
Language Development in Infancy and Childhood	PSY 424	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an overview of language development in infancy and childhood, from birth through the preschool years. We will go over the milestones and content of what children acquire including phonological, semantic, and syntactic skills. The main focus will be on typical monolingual development, we will also explore language development in children growing up with bilingual and multilingual backgrounds as well as with speech and other communicative issues. We will cover methodological as well as theoretical issues around language development in early years. The implications of research findings in education will also be discussed.
Social Cognition	PSY 442	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course surveys leading research on how we process social information and make day-to-day judgments. The course aims to provide students with a deep understanding of how we make sense of complex social information, including topics such as person perception, judgment and decision making, and stereotyping.
Psychology of the Self	PSY 443	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to present an overview of the recent theories and research in the self literature. The course also covers how self and attachment processes interact and their cultural implications. Particular emphasis is placed on the formation and nature of self- development, self-esteem, self-regulation and attachment.
Intergroup Relationships	PSY 444	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides students with an advanced understanding of intergroup processes and relationships focusing on special topics such as social identities, majority-minority group relationships, prejudice reduction techniques, collective action, and acculturation. Departing from both theoretical and empirical research in social psychology, political psychology, and intergroup processes literatures, the course equips students with extensive knowledge in intergroup relationships and aims to provide students skills and competencies that enable them to critically discuss and generate research ideas in the field of intergroup relationships..
Selected Topics in Social Psychology	PSY 445	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides students interested in social psychology with the opportunity to explore a variety of popular research areas in depth. It will also include discussions about the methodological and technological challenges the field is faced with.
Selected Topics in Neuroscience	PSY 450	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will examine recent literature in neuroscience. The aim of this course is to enable the students to have a good grasp of the most recent advances, and a critical assessment of the literature in the field of neuroscience. Through reading the recent and important classical studies in literature, students will gain essential perspective as well as critical thinking on the relevant studies.
Cognitive Neuroscience	PSY 452	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience which studies processes of nervous system underpinning cognitive functions (acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge). The course explores the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes such as perception, attention, memory, and decision- making. In light of behavioral and neuroimaging research, the course aims to deliver the skills to interpret cognitive neuroscience research and understand human cognition.
Clinical Insights from Basic Psychological Science	PSY 467	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to teach the topics that require the integration of theories, findings, and methodology in clinical psychology with those in social, developmental health, personality, and cognitive psychology. Sample topics of the course are short- and long-term effects of traumatic events (e.g., natural disasters, death of loved ones) on psychological well-being, personality, and interpersonal and intergroup relationships, the interdependence between family members' well-being and coping styles during challenging times, the benefits and costs of positive experiences (e.g., positive emotions, positive interpersonal processes, gratitude) during stressful times, the association between traumatic events' centrality and psychological reactions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic growth), grief after non-death losses (e.g., divorce, homesickness), and ecological grief and anxiety due to the climate change.
Foundations of Infant Mental Heath	PSY 469	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an introduction to interdisciplinary research and practice in infant mental health. Its purpose is to promote an understanding about early life stress with implications on biopsychosocial development and discuss approaches for promoting resilience in young children within the context of family, community, and culture. Topics to be covered include adverse childhood experiences, parental mental health, and various prevention as well as intervention programs as applied examples in the field.
Psychology in the Public Interest	PSY 480	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will discuss how psychological sciences can advance public interest in diverse areas—such as health, technology, sports, law, education, and organizations. To gain an appreciation of how psychological findings can be used to resolve day-to- day problems students will read, critically reflect on, and discuss psychological research with applied implications.
Selected Topics in Applied Psychology	PSY 481	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The goal of this course is to present specialized research topics in the broad area of applied psychology. Topics may be drawn from one or more area of psychology and include (but not limited to) applied topics in social psychology (i.e., traffic psychology, road user behavior), health psychology, forensic psychology. The selected topics will vary from year to year and will include examination of recent literature and interpretation of recent trends in the field of applied psychology.
Social Theory	SOC 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	What is society? What makes and holds societies together? Why and how do societies change and develop - or else fail to do so? This introductory sociology course presents an overview of the major theories of society proposed through the 19th and 20th centuries, ranging from classical theory through Marx and Weber to critical theory, hermeneutics and the interpretive tradition, psychoanalysis, structuralism, post-structuralism , post-colonial theory, feminist and post-modernist theories. Key issues for the study of (post)modern society include: the relationship between knowledge, power and representation; consumption, commoditization and electronic forms of exchange; the impact of new information technologies; transnationalism, global cities and hybrid identities; and local knowledge and everyday life viewed as text and performance. While the last few decades' decline of master narratives or "grand theories" has fed into the current emphasis on interdisciplinarity, the main premise of this course is that the need for interdisciplinarity brings with it a further need: that of a firm grounding in social theory.
Sociology of Religion	SOC 308	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course surveys major topics and perspectives in the study of religion as a social institution. It starts with the classical writings of Troeltsch, Durkheim, Weber, and Geertz, and seeks to answer the following questions using empirical cases drawn from Europe, the United States, Türkiye, and India: Why do different societies experience different degrees of secularization? How do church-state relations and secular ideologies vary from one setting to another? Can secularism itself be considered a religion-like formation? What is civil religion? What role does religion play in social movements, and civil societies?
Turkish Social Thought	SOC 313	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course will deal with the basic social and political ideas developed in the early and late republican period in Türkiye. in the first part a special emphasis will be given to the formation of the social thought via the constitution of the notion of law and society within the framework of the 'essential' conflictual concepts, such as east-west, modernity-conservatism. In the second part basic schools of thought (like blue Anatolia) and the ideas and arguments of the prominent thinkers and intellectuals will be analyzsed. in this regard new understanding of the social and the political will be dissected with special reference to such debates as, modernity, postmodernity, secularism, political Islam, Europe, globalisation. An extensive review of Turkish literature in this context is imperative.
Qualitative Research Methods	SOC 318	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to the principles of qualitative sociological research. It provides a strong theoretical basis for the interpretive research questions and sociological methods, such as interviewing, participant observation, thematic focus groups, comparative approaches, and the qualitative analysis of large surveys.
Media and Politics	SOC 402	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a seminar course designed to explore three aspects of media/politics in particular: (1) transnational/national news agencies and media organizations in the era of digital, cable and satellite communication (2) critical debates on issues such as bias and objectivity in political reporting, tabloid news, political scandal, investigative journalism (3) intersections between media power and national politics, including such themes as 'agenda setting', 'spin control', 'the spiral of silence' or 'political advertising'.
Religion and Politics	SOC 408	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines the interaction of religious and political authorities, discourses, and institutions through historical, comparative, and normative perspectives. We will start our discussion with a survey of the role of religion in the formation of modern political institutions and identities, including the modern state, long-distance and national social movements, welfare regimes, and national identities. We will then investigate various aspects of religious politics, focusing in particular on religious movements and violence, the rise and transformation of religious parties, secularism as political ideology and movement and the relationship between religious politics and democracy. The course will conclude with a review of recent debates in political theory on the legitimate place of religion in public life and in the political sphere. In the course of the semester, we will discuss empirical cases drawn from Europe, the U.S., the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
Infrastructure and Mobilities	SOC 420	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The study of current mobilities of everything (people, ideas, goods, capital, and images), the social, cultural and political aspects of infrastructure and mobilities, the sustainable workings of mobility places and systems, and the historical formation of mobility as an inseparable feature of civilization, modernity, development, and globalization. Topics to be covered include Mobilities Theory; cities as interfaces and infrastructures; inequalities across (im)mobilities; historical development of transportation systems; global structures of mobilities; airports, railways, and container ports; mutual constitution of infrastructure, transportation, and tourism; social, cultural and economic impacts of sustainable transportation systems and hubs over place-making and social relations
Power, Economy, and Society	SOC 425	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces students to the study of the meaning, functions, and place of economic activities in society from a comparative perspective. Topics to be covered include globalization, capitalism and neoliberalism; work and labor regimes; governmentality; cultures of consumption; space and value; deindustrialization and class; and cultural economy
Gender and Work	SOC 426	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course examines how the organization and practices of labor, work, and workplace is gendered through a historical and comparative socio-cultural lens. Subjects to be examined include the constitutive relation between gender identity, class position and labor force participation; work and gender dynamics within different sectors in contemporary planetary economy; the state’s involvement with gender, family and work; and women’s and men’s experiences of work hierarchies.
Sexualities, Sociabilities	SOC 432	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Who are we? Every social group tries to answer this question, albeit with significant variation across cultures and throughout history. All social groups also try to define and enact rules about the sexual activities of their members. Sociological and anthropological literature shows that the ways in which social groups define their rules about sexuality relate to the ways in which they define boundaries and maintain spaces for themselves. In this course we are going to survey existing theoretical discussions and research about this problematic. Specific themes for discussion will vary, but are likely to include such issues as homosexuality, honor crimes and the headscarf
Humanity and Society I	SPS 101	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an introduction to the study of the human experience in the pre-modern world (from early humans to mid 18th century). It brings together various disciplinary approaches and major topics of the pre-modern world in a roughly chronological order. There are three central aims of this course. The first aim is to present our students the challenges and potential in the scientific study of human experience through the introduction of various analytical tools from disciplines such as history, sociology, anthropology and economics. The idea is to show to our students that the human experience is as much the realm of scientific inquiry and critical thinking as it is the case with the natural world. The second aim is to introduce the basic dynamics of the pre-modern world before the 18th century so that students would be adequately equipped to follow our consecutive course SPS 102 about the modern era and the concept of modernity. Finally, this course also aims to emphasize the structured use of language, in this case English, for the purposes of knowledge production and critical analysis. It accepts the role of language in humanities and social sciences as important as calculus is for physics. To that end, it pays special attention to critical reading and writing as evident from the course structure.
Humanity and Society II	SPS 102	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides an introduction to the study of the human experience in the modern world. It brings together the history of major milestones in the modern era, from the mid-18th century to the 21st century, and prominent theoretical frameworks that are employed to analyze this transformative period in the history of our species. SPS 102 is designed to be a follow-up of SPS 101 and thus compliments the content and the academic skills that were previously introduced. There are three central aims of this course. The first aim is to present our students the challenges and potential in the scientific study of human experience through the introduction of various analytical tools from disciplines such as history, sociology, anthropology and economics. The second aim is to provide the intellectual foundations that would help our students to understand the dynamics of the contemporary world around them by historicizing its relatively recent formation in the history of humanity. Finally, this course also aims to emphasize the structured use of language, in this case English, for the purposes of knowledge production and critical analysis. It accepts the role of language in humanities and social sciences as important as calculus is for physics. To that end, it pays special attention to critical reading and writing as evident from the course structure.
Fundamentals of Scientific Inquiry and Statistical Reasoning for Social Sciences	SPS 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course provides the undergraduate students with an elementary but rigorous grip on the fundamentals of scientific inquiry and statistical reasoning. The course aims to introduce students to understanding the basis of inductive reasoning and assessments involving uncertainty as well as statistical concepts and techniques. The students will be exposed to probability, chance, causation, correlation, statistical hypothesis and testing. The course also includes practical application of these techniques.
Law and Ethics	SPS 303	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to encourage students to reflect on the meaning of being an individual and a citizen. Certain fundamental questions, posed by the ancients but persisting in their relevance, informs the structure of the course: What is good life? How should we live? What does the life of a virtuous individual and citizen consist of? How can the likely conflicts between the two be resolved? Related to these, the course also explores the diverse relationships between law and ethics and adresses issues such as political authority, representation and consent, freedom, justice, and equality.
Analysis of Social Networks	SPS 315	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is a theoretical, methodological, and practical introduction to the analysis of social networks. Applications in different social science disciplines are systematically presented and discussed. Besides theoretical evaluation of the foundations of social network analysis students are guided to undertake collaborative empirical analyses of social networks
Approaches to Ethnic Conflict	SPS 320	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Many students of ethnicity and nationalism try to explain ethnic roots of conflicts and examine cases where ethnic conflicts with varied level of violence/non-violence. However, a study of ethnic conflict should encompass various dimensions of the issue including the causes, process, and outcomes. This course will use literature from sociology and anthropology to study the roots of ethnic conflicts, geography to discuss the spatial meanings attached to ethnic differences, literature from political science to examine how different political systems accommodate ethnic differences and ethnic violence and international relations to come up with possible strategies to prevent and reconcile them. We will also refer to historical case study examples.
Global Environmental Challenges	SPS 374	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to provide an introduction to the global environmental challenges with their scientific, economic and political aspects from an interdisciplinary natural and social science perspective. This course equips students with skills to comprehend and analyses the historical background, as well as the future outlook of current environmental problems caused by the immense impact of human civilizations, particularly by economic growth and changing production-consumption patterns. Topics to be discussed include environmental pollution and ecological footprint, global issues such as ozone depletion, deforestation, climate change, and biodiversity loss, air pollution and other environmental health issues, urban environmental problems, food and water politics, plastic pollution and the oceans. Course include discussions of case studies for the solutions and movements for a sustainable future, such as eco-innovation, green economy, and environmentalist campaigns.
Climate Change and Environmental Politics	SPS 384	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces the essence of ecological crisis and environmental problems, and science and policy aspects of the environmental issues, especially of global climate change. Climate change is not only the most alarming planetary challenge, but also is at the nexus of the debate around international politics, environmental law, social movements and the search for sustainable economic alternatives. This course equips students with the skills and methodologies to use the basic notions of environmental politics such as ecological citizenship and environmental justice, which are also among the novel concepts in political theory . International environmental politics, green and environmental movements, climate governance and food politics are among the topics to be discussed.
Political Ecology and Society	SPS 394	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The broad goal of this course is to cultivate a critical theoretical understanding of the relation between the society and nature, and develop a nuanced perspective of thinking about environmental problems. More particularly, the objectives of this course are: 1) To locate environmental politics within the context of broader social, political and economic dynamics; 2) To learn about alternative forms of being and knowing that challenge common anthropocentric thinking; 3) To develop familiarity with the political ecological dimension of the global and local environmental problems, policies, and social movements.
Digital Humanities	TS 320	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course covers digital humanities with theoretical and practical approaches. It examines the different application areas of digital technologies in the humanities and social sciences. It focuses on current methodological and theoretical discussions on the emerging field of digital humanities. Following the discussion of “data” in social sciences and humanities, the course turns to practices of data management and data cleaning. Of the many methods of digital humanities, four are covered in this course: textual analysis, data visualization, network analysis, mapping. After these methods are introduced, they will be practiced in the classroom with related software.
Visual Language I	VA 201	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course approaches drawing as both a technical skill and a method of inquiry. Through observation, structured experiments, and collaborative tasks, students will examine how drawing can be used to analyze and alter our understanding of objects, spaces, and concepts. The course focuses on drawing’s ability to construct, dismantle, and reconfigure visual forms. Students will use a range of materials, scales, and methods to explore ideas such as fragmentation, reconstruction, and conceptual development. By the end of the semester, each student will produce a set of works demonstrating a clear and reflective use of drawing as a flexible research tool.
Visual Language II	VA 202	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course is a continuation of VA201. At this stage the students will be introduced to the principles of three-dimensional design. The aim of the course course is to analyse the fundamental methods of producing 3 -D objects and issues of spatial organization. A part of the semester will be devoted to introduction to basic typography and exercises in relating 2-D design to the third dimension.
Language of Drawing I	VA 203	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This introductory studio course presents drawing as a fundamental practice of observation, expression, and spatial thinking. Open to students from all disciplines, it explores drawing beyond technical skill, emphasizing its role as a tool for inquiry and communication across fields. Through diverse approaches and critical discussions, participants engage with mark-making, composition, and representation, developing a personal visual language applicable to their own practices.
Language of Drawing II	VA 204	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course approaches drawing as both a technical skill and a method of inquiry. Through observation, structured experiments, and collaborative tasks, students will examine how drawing can be used to analyze and alter our understanding of objects, spaces, and concepts. The course focuses on drawing’s ability to construct, dismantle, and reconfigure visual forms. Students will use a range of materials, scales, and methods to explore ideas such as fragmentation, reconstruction, and conceptual development. By the end of the semester, each student will produce a set of works demonstrating a clear and reflective use of drawing as a flexible research tool.
Introduction to Photography	VA 228	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to introduce the student to the varied aspects of photography and to develop the student’s ability to read, describe, and interpret photographic images. It covers topics like, the history of photography, major photographic works of the 20th century, and contemporary photographers. Genres like portraiture, photo journalism, landscape, narrative, and conceptual and other facets such as, shutter speed and aperture, framing and compositional techniques, natural lighting and white balance effects are central points of interest.
Design with Typography	VA 234	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is based on the study of letterforms, typography image and concept relationships for effective communication. The language of typography, building a visual vocabulary, the personality of type, review of fonts and font families, exploring size, arrangement of text, creative use of space, communication through letterforms, working with words and color are the issues and subjects to be investigated.
Project and Internship	VA 300	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a non-credit, elective course that aims to foster field work experience in the student's chosen area of study. The course offers the students the opportunities to gain insights into the nuances of business and social environments; to learn about specific issues facing firms in the domestic and the global market; to improve their understanding of other cultures and societies; to foster research; to outreach to the global community. The course aims to enable students to learn about the conditions under which they would launch successful start-ups and expose them to the breadth of various issues. In order to realise these goals, the course includes experiential opportunities for students to put their new skills to work in real-world settings in line with their program requirements. A summer project or internship is mandatory for fulfilling the course requirements.
Art Studio I	VA 301	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Introduction to painting, sculpture and to basic notions of art making. Studio research into the numerous possibilities of various styles and approaches to visual art.
Art Studio II	VA 302	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Introduction to actual space of the artwork. The studio work will aim to provide access to a vast array of media and conceptual approaches to making and thinking about art. The faculty and students will jointly work on mixed media, installation, kinetics, electronic media and other contemporary practices.
Design Studio I	VA 303	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Coverage of the basic concepts of Graphic Design, such as Typography, Page Layout and Image creation and processing and their basic interactions.
Design Studio II	VA 304	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	An investigation into the implementation of design elements within design concepts; i.e. the creation of designs within conceptual frameworks through a broad focus towards multimedia and web design projects.
Introduction to Multimedia	VA 310	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course aims to study multimedia as defined by MIT Media Lab's Nicholas Negroponte: "Taking the audiovisual richness out of broadcast and entertainment, the depth of knowledge and information out of publishing, and the interactivity of computers - all put together in the sensory deep rich interactive systems we call multimedia. " This particular sequence of introductory classes focuses on the design of communication tools which link people to their surroundings. The course will take advantage of the inherent multi-disciplinary nature of multimedia by covering the basics including; computer hardware and peripherals, file formats, resolution and color, screen composition, photography, graphic design, concept development, flowcharting, storyboarding, visualization techniques, presentation formats, production methods, desktop publishing and the principles of user interface design in general. No prior computer experience beyond the word processor is expected.
Art and Design Practices in the City	VA 311	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The goal of this course is to introduce the students to the different kinds, sizes, modes and formats of art, design and cultural institutions / venues and circles in Istanbul. The team of students and the course professor / TA visit different venues and meet scholars, professionals, managers, directors and various individuals who work in pertinent fields. Through the excursions to be made physically in the city and introductions, the students gain a deeper understanding of the art, design, and culture scene in Istanbul and its significance in the global context. They will also have the opportunity to engage in critical artistic, cultural, managerial, social, economic discussions and analyses of the institutions and individuals they encounter.
History of Visual Communication	VA 312	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course introduces the student to an historical the origins of printing and typography to the postmodern/present day visual communication design. It aims to provide a conceptual and pictorial overview of significant stages in visual communication design activities. The designs of key periods will be discussed and investigated with respect to their social and economic impacts on the society.
Visual Culture	VA 315	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	As an introduction to Visual Studies, this course will examine a range of differently produced visual objects. Moving across a field which includes traditionally produced fine art objects to photography, film TV and digital media, from video to performance to fashion the course will consider different accounts of visual culture: how visual objects are understood, interpreted and evaluated. The course may therefore touch upon theories of aesthetics as well as on other accounts of the significance and value of modes of visual communication.
Fine Art Practice	VA 321	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is a hands-on studio course aimed to provide the students with the opportunity to enhance their creative skills through the completion of set projects in wide range of artistic fields. The course addresses aspects of practice common to all forms of visual art activity, such as coming into existence of artistic ideas, conducting various methods of self-directed visual research for recording and producing artistic ideas and images. Students are required to keep paper or digital journal as a resource and a reference for the development of an innovative and personal approach to ideas and techniques
Digital Art Practice	VA 322	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course involves the exploration into the common aspects of visual arts with an emphasis on the digital artistic practice. Students are expected to do visual research and develop ideas in journals in paper or other appropriate forms and digital media for experimentation and visualization. Exploring potential interrelationships between media, established and new, the projects produced in this course will demonstrate a capacity for independent creative thinking and a consolidation of technical, imaginative, and expressive skills. The course will also place emphasis on the development of a critical and theoretical framework for the evolving practice of digital art.
Figure Drawing	VA 323	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This is an advanced drawing course to improve skills of drawing by studying proportions of human body and anatomy based on observation of live models standing and in motion. There will be studies of the model alongside still life objects as well as utilising other drawing methods ranging from photographic-slide and video projections over the models. Different drawing materials and techniques such as computer enlargements and transformations will be used to enrich the students' individual perception and expression abilities.
Advanced Drawing	VA 324	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will guide the participant to experiment with various drawing techniques, develop and try out self-created materials, paints and tools. This approach aims to help students to find out their individual processes and use of tools for artistic drawings
Interface Design	VA 325	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course is an introduction to the study and design of interfaces in general. Interfaces represent how people interact and are crucial to the success of any project as they link the projected audience to the material to be conveyed. The aim in this course is to enable students to apply the principles of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) to the study / design of useful, usable, and effective user interfaces.
Digital and Photographic Imaging	VA 328	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will introduce the student to digital and photographic imaging technologies and techniques in a studio setting. Each student will be guided so as to both grasp those technologies and techniques, including 'post-production' software applications as well as more traditional developing and printing, and to develop their own artistic and design work using those techniques.
Photography and Expression	VA 329	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Visual expression is the essence of visual communication / multimedia design. Photography is the one of the most important components of this interactive design process. This class helps the students to discover and experiment ways to express their design ideas through photography. The objective is to create photographs that tell stories or create moods
Illustration as Communication	VA 331	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course concentrates on the fundamentals of illustration as a communication design tool. Diverse illustration techniques and their applications from layout level to final output will be the main focus of the course. Processes in digital media as well as conventional illustration methods will be interchangeably utilized.
Content Creation and Design for Websites	VA 333	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will take a two step approach towards creating websites which hold meaningful, i.e., well researched and discussed content that is presented in a well-designed, easily understandable and navigable manner. During the first phase of the course students will first research a topic of their own choosing, for which they will subsequently put together written and visual content that is the outcome of the research that has been conducted. In the second phase of the course a website in which this content is displayed will be undertaken.
Sound and Image	VA 335	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores sound fundamentals as an ingredient of art and design, focusing on varied sound segments for installation, performance, video/film, websites, and audio CD. The course is intended for art and design students as well as persons involved in sound related work and interested in basic knowledge of sound and acoustic. Prior design experience would be useful but not necessary. Appropriate recording methods, recording specific events and broadcasting it simultaneously are some other subjects that the course covers.
Creative Coding	VA 345	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The course explores code at a conceptual level with the aim of using computation as an expressive and creative tool. It addresses topics such as generative audio-visuals, computational art, scripting for common media tools.
Independent Study	VA 399	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course allows students to explore an area of academic interest not currently covered in regular course offerings. Under the supervision of a faculty member, students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning, including developing together a reading list and forms of evaluation. Students must receive the approval of a supervisor faculty member prior to enrollment.
Art Studio III	VA 401	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	After the intentionally eclectic program of the third studio year, the students at this stage are expected to move towards a personal approach to producing and reflecting about art. While the work becomes self-reliant, collective studio critiques will encourage and guide the student to ask the substantive questions about individual goals.
Art Studio IV	VA 402	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	In this semester the students are expected to develop their own body of artistic works. Both collective and individualised studio critiques will continue throughout the semester. Issues of professional practice and presentation methods will be researched and reviewed.
Design Studio III	VA 403	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Introducing multimedia design elements; i.e. sound, interactivity, animation and the combination thereof within a graphic presentation.
Design Studio IV	VA 404	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Introducing multimedia design elements; i.e. sound, interactivity, animation and the combination thereof within a graphic presentation.
History of Digital and Electronic Arts	VA 416	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will study the fields of digital and electronic arts, their historical development and contemporary theoretical and aesthetic contexts together with their technical and scientific foundations and convergences. Students will gain an understanding of how artists responded to- and participated in- the development of science and technology in the 20th century and how a range of new interdisciplinary approaches emerged that re-shaped art and science interactions and helped re-define scientific and technological thinking in the arts of the 21st century. The course will explore a diverse range of media and include computational and generative art, code art, net-art, interactive art and digital installations and synthetic worlds. It will also show how art and artists have helped contribute to the development of computational theories like cybernetics, artificial intelligence and artificial life.
Concepts & Debates in Contemporary Art	VA 420	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	There is perhaps nothing more characteristic of art thought of as modern than that it has given rise to debates - about its value, meaning, purpose or even existence as art as such. This course will review those debates, and explore the relations between these debates and their consequences, if any, in a changing field of art. It will also review the definitions of the modern and its others implied by these debates.
Art, Culture, Technology	VA 423	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The advent of new technologies has sometimes been accompanied by announcements of the end of art. Conversely, it has been argued that technologies have been invented in order to provide a means of apparently satisfying a demand which has been generated by art. This course will review these various conceptualisations of the relations and perhaps non-relations between art and technology. As the goals of art have shifted or redefined, the relations between art and culture have also altered. The course will therefore consider these shifts too in order to arrive at a better understanding of the stakes of the practice and the criticism of art today.
Advanced Topics in Typography	VA 424	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course builds an advanced understanding of typographic technique through in depth analyses of: forms of letters; text and tonal value; and the elements of typographic style. Students will deal with topics ranging from corporate communications; public information design, literature and storytelling and intellectual meditations
Art Analysis: Theory and Criticism	VA 430	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The aim of the course is to introduce theories of aesthetics from its early formulations to the present day. The students will be informed about post-1945 art theories and critical movements such as structuralism, post-structuralism and feminist art. The connection and interdependency between art and theory in the same period will be discussed. Students will be encouraged to produce written pieces which critically evaluate artworks.
Videography and Narrative Making	VA 431	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Students are introduced to the methods of video production and post production. They will learn to write video script, visualizing storyboard, directing, cinematography and editing. They are expected to explore different ways of seeing, framing and composing narrative based upon his or her creative content of narrative making.
3D Modelling	VA 433	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The student is introduced to the benefits of learning digital media through studio practices. The main focus is to understand digital modelling tools, ways of modelling, modelling techniques, texture mapping on various modelling geometry and modelling for animations. This is a fundamental course for those who are interested in computer animation and computer graphics in the field of games, movie, multimedia and interactive production.
3D Animation	VA 434	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Sequel to 3D Modelling course, student is introduced to the process of animation and multidisciplinary design as a team experience. Students polish their skills and advance their knowledge in digital media production, by assigning and completing targeted task in the area of 3D animation.
Experimental Film and Video	VA 437	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	A comprehensive study of experimental film and video through screenings, readings, discussions, and creative practice, this course offers a critical exploration of the history and theory of experimental and avant-garde film and video, including the impact of new technologies and current practices. Students create a series of short experimental videos to explore new ways to express themselves.
Envisioning Information	VA 439	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This introductory course aims to help students grasp the unique place of information visualization within the wider spectrum of Visual Communication Design. The course covers some of the basics of data visualization and investigates creative ways of shaping information through the use of design principles. The students work on projects that involve data collection, use of charts and timelines, infographics and wayfinding systems. Topic related examples, research, readings and viewings are also incorporated into the class material.
Motion Graphics and Art	VA 440	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The student is introduced to the principles and elements of motion design through studio practices. This course emphasizes on the relationship between typography principles and animation fundamentals. Students relate their experimental videos with kinetic typography to synthesize the language of motion between text and image for time-based media
Visiting Artist Studio	VA 441	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course will be taught by a visiting artist. Sabancı University intends to invite regularly local and international artists to teach studio courses within the VA/VCD program. The content and issues covered in the course will be determined by each visiting artist.
Interaction Design	VA 444	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course is designed to focus on screen based interaction issues. During the course, students will become familiar with the topic with using various tools and applications that are commonly used in professional interaction design work and they will be introduced to the works of practitioners in the field. Advanced programming techniques in various scripting languages will be covered.
Issues in Contemporary Performance Art	VA 445	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	What issues are significant in the analysis and the practices of performance art, and how have they developed? Conflicting narratives of the history of the genre have developed in the US and Europe. These genealogies don't merely give an account of the art form-they also both enabled and delimited the work of artists and the ways that spectators view them. By examining and critiquing the dominant narratives of the history of performance art, I hope to offer alternative ways of understanding the significance(s) of the genre. I will take into account works that have been crucial to the field, attending to the multiple layers, voices and practices that lay within it.
History and Aesthetics of Electroacoustic Music	VA 446	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	After its practical emergence in the late 1940's, electroacoustic music became an integral part of 20th and 21st century music history. This course explores the aesthetical, ideological and technical evolution of electroacoustic music in historical context. It aims to investigate the sound processing techniques, and in order to establish a critical listening perspective, which can be considered as a fundamental element for the perception of electroacoustic compositions.
Construction/Deconstruction in 3 Dimensional Space	VA 450	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	The aim of this course is to ask questions about inner and surrounding space of a 3 dimensional art work. Ideas on construction and deconstruction of sculptures installation will be covered by studying cases in the 20th Art History and critics on students practice in various studio techniques
Design Thinking	VA 453	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	Today design lies at the crossroads of culture, technology, society, environment and business. This course aims to look at this unique intersection and the role of the 21st century designer not just as a "creator" but as a thinker, initiator, collaborator, entrepreneur. Design thinking methodologies are employed to generate creative ideation and students are expected to express their views, join discussions and contribute material to further develop their understanding and awareness of the thinking that goes into design.
Physical Computing	VA 455	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores various methods and design systems for the purpose of collaboratively applying physical computing while building an interactive physical environment. The course also supplements a series of written theoretical ideas about the topic. Basics of building circuits and developing software to communicate with microcontrollers and computers will be introduced.
Artificial Intelligence & Creativity	VA 465	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course explores the intersection of artificial intelligence and human creativity, equipping students with the skills to navigate and utilize AI tools for creative tasks. Students will engage in hands-on projects, critically examine the ethical and intellectual property implications of AI, and reflect on speculative futures in creative industries. Tasks will be approached both with and without AI to understand its influence on the creative process.
Professional Practice as a Designer	VA 490	Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences	This course aims to prepare the students for their careers, by developing the skills and strategies that will enhance competence, self confidence as well as the requisite adaptability to succeed in the diverse professional environments within which they are expected to operate. The course includes portfolio making and presentation of ideas, projects and concepts as well as enhancing writing skills, which will help the preparation of professional as well as creative briefs, and reports, which are all part of the requirements of large-scale design projects. The approach is practice-based. It sets up a system that encourages students to put into practice various subjects through hands-on assignments. Furthermore guest lecturers and field trips will provide students with the opportunity of learning from advanced professionals in the design fields.

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